Comparing the impacts of fossil and renewable energy investments in Indonesia: A simple general equilibrium analysis

Hartono, Djoni; Hastuti, Sasmita Hastri; Halimatussadiah, Alin; Saraswati, Atina; Mita, Aria Farah; Indriani, Vitria

doi:10.1016/j.heliyon.2020.e04120

Cited by 40 publications

(16 citation statements)

References 29 publications

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“…Recently, Indonesia has targeted 23% of its total consumed energy from renewable resources by 2025, increasing to 31% by 2050 [6]. The target relates to Indonesia's geothermal potential of 28,000 MW [7]. Currently, 12 power plants have been built in Indonesia, with Kamojang developing 235 MW, Sarulla developing 330 MW [8], and WayangWindu developing 227 MW [8], [9].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Geothermal reservoir depth of Seulawah Agam volcano estimated from 1D magnetotelluric

et al. 2022

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SeulawahAgam has planned to construct a geothermal power plant with an estimated 275 MW by the government to replace fossil energy. This study used a magnetotelluric (MT) survey to investigate the primary geothermal system, such as heat sources, reservoirs, or faults, which are responsible for regulating the surface manifestation. The regional volcano and fault of the Seulimum segments were traversed by 26 MT stations. The 1D Inversion was conducted toward the overall MT data using the Occam inversion algorithm from IP2Win MT. This Inversion was performed to acquire characteristics of the geothermal system based on resistivity parameters against the depth. The 1D model distribution was combined and converted into pseudo 2D, which could depict the subsurface conditions. Based on the data analysis, the cross-section model revealed that the volcanic sediment layer near the surface had a resistivity of 57–98 Ωm. In the depth of 4–8 km in profile one, and 0.2–2 km, in profile 2, coverage of clay cap rocks was found with impermeable properties, where the resistivity was low (<10 Ωm). Afterward, the reservoir layer was characterized by resistivity ranging from 94 to 188 Ωm located at 1–3 km depth, where this anomaly could be seen across all measuring tracks. Meanwhile, the region beneath the reservoir was estimated to be a heat source with a depth range of 2–5 km, as evidenced by a high resistivity of more than >1000 Ωm. The pseudo-2D results could provide an initial model of SeulawahAgam’s geothermal system.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Geothermal reservoir depth of Seulawah Agam volcano estimated from 1D magnetotelluric

et al. 2022

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“…Up until 2050, Indonesia's electrical energy consumption in a variety of sectors is anticipated to increase by an average of 5.9 percent annually. Due to the rising trend in the production of fossil fuels, the restricted and falling development of various energies, including natural gas, oil, and coal, will eventually run out [1], [2]. Maintaining energy security and independence has become a high issue due to worries about the rise in fossil fuel prices and the environmental effects of using fossil fuels.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Optimization of Permanent Magnet Synchronous Generator Output Power in Wind Power Plants Using the Gray Wolf Optimization Method

Aurelia¹

2022

FESPE

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Wind is a renewable energy that is expected to meet the availability of energy sources as needed. The electrical power produced by the Permanent Magnet Synchronous Generator at Wind Power Plants in Indonesia is influenced by low wind conditions with wind speeds only ranging from 2.5 to 6 m/s. So that the output voltage can produce optimal power with a low and fluctuating average wind speed, an optimization will be carried out using the Gray Wolf Optimization method which is inspired by the social strata of wolves in hunting their prey. This method works by measuring the voltage and current at the load to get optimal power and maximize the existing power extraction using Maximum Power Point Tracking.

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“…Hence, the understanding of the correlation between geological structure such as fracture and geothermal fluid flow should be carefully studied to facilitate the success of an exploration [22,23]. Indonesia has significant amount of geothermal reserves amounting to 28,000 MW [24]. Specifically, the province of Aceh, which is located in the northern part of Sumatra, has ±20 geothermal energy sources, with four active volcanoes, namely, Jaboi on the Weh Island [25], Seulawah Agam in Aceh Besar [26,27], Peut Sagoe in Pidie Jaya [15], and Burni Telong in Bener Meriah.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mapping of Fault and Hydrothermal System beneath the Seulawah Volcano Inferred from a Magnetotellurics Structure

et al. 2021

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Magnetotellurics (MT) is an important geophysical method for exploring geothermal systems, with the Earth resistivity obtained from the MT method proving to be useful for the hydrothermal imaging changes of the system. In this research, we applied the MT method to map the geothermal system of the Seulawah Agam volcano in northern Sumatra, a site intended for the construction of a geothermal power plant with an estimated energy of 230 Mwe. Herein, 3D MT measurements were carried out, covering the entire area of the volcano and the various intersecting local faults from the Seulimeum segment in the NW–SE direction. Based on Occam 2D inversion, a conductive anomaly (<10 ohm·m) near the surface was identified in response to specific manifestation areas, including the Heutsz crater on the northern side and the Cempaga crater on the southern side. A further conductive anomaly was also found at a depth of 1 km, which was presumably due to a clay cap layer covering the fluid in the reservoir layer below the surface, where the manifestation areas are formed at various locations (where faults and fractures are found) owing to the fluid in the reservoir rising to the surface. The MT modeling also revealed that the reservoir layer in Seulawah Agam lies at a depth of 2 km with a higher resistivity of 40–150 ohm·m, which is the main target of geothermal energy exploration. At the same time, the heat source zone where magma is located was estimated to lie in two locations, namely, on the northern side centering on the Heutsz crater area and the southern side in the Cempaga crater area. A clear 3D structure obtained via Occam inversion was also used to visualize the hydrothermal flow in the Seulawah Agam volcano that originates from two heat source zones, where one structure that was consistent across all models is the conductive zone that reaches a depth of 5 km in the south in response to the regional faulting of the Seulimeum segment. Based on the MT research, we concluded that the volcano has the geothermal potential to be tapped into power plant energy in the future.

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Comparing the impacts of fossil and renewable energy investments in Indonesia: A simple general equilibrium analysis

Cited by 40 publications

References 29 publications

Geothermal reservoir depth of Seulawah Agam volcano estimated from 1D magnetotelluric

Geothermal reservoir depth of Seulawah Agam volcano estimated from 1D magnetotelluric

Optimization of Permanent Magnet Synchronous Generator Output Power in Wind Power Plants Using the Gray Wolf Optimization Method

Mapping of Fault and Hydrothermal System beneath the Seulawah Volcano Inferred from a Magnetotellurics Structure

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