Selenium (Se) biofortification in wheat reduces the risk
of Se
deficiency in humans. Se biofortification increases the concentration
of Se and anthocyanins in wheat grains. However, it is unknown whether
Se biofortification can enhance flavonoids other than anthocyanins
and the mechanism underlying flavonoid accumulation in wheat grains.
Here, foliar application of selenite solution in wheat was conducted
10 days after flowering. Metabolite profiling and transcriptome sequencing
were performed in Se-treated grains. A significant increase in the
total contents of Se, anthocyanins, and flavonoids was observed in
Se-treated mature grains. Twenty-seven significantly increased flavonoids
were identified in Se-treated immature grains. The significant accumulation
of flavones (tricin, tricin derivatives, and chrysoeriol derivatives)
was detected, and six anthocyanins, dihydroquercetin (the precursor
for anthocyanin biosynthesis) and catechins were also increased. Integrated
analysis of metabolites and transcriptome revealed that Se application
enhanced the biosynthesis of flavones, dihydroquercetin, anthocyanins,
and catechins by increasing the expression levels of seven key structural
genes in flavonoid biosynthesis (two TaF3Hs, two TaDFRs, one TaF3′5′H, one TaOMT, and one TaANR). Our findings shed
new light on the molecular mechanism underlying the enhancement in
flavonoid accumulation by Se supplementation and pave the way for
further enhancing the nutritional value of wheat grains.