Comparing the levelized cost of electric vehicle charging options in Europe

Lanz, Lukas; Noll, Bessie; Schmidt, Tobias S.; Steffen, Bjarne

doi:10.1038/s41467-022-32835-7

Cited by 33 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 42 publications

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“…In Sensitivity Analysis 1, we look first at model parameter sensitivities by examining the average yearly ZEV market share change from the BAU scenario, with no intervention or shock, when each parameter is adjusted individually by ±20%. We justify this error bound for parameter sensitivity through both the literature ( 86 – 89 ) and our inclusion of uncertainty bounds for most model parameters in the Monte Carlo analysis. However, for four model parameters crucial for BEV cost competitiveness, we include an extended sensitivity analysis with a ±30% parameter change ( SI Appendix , Figs.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 94%

The effects of local interventions on global technological change through spillovers: A modeling framework and application to the road-freight sector

Noll,

Steffen,

Schmidt

2023

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

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To address global sustainability challenges, (public) policy interventions are needed to induce or accelerate technological change. While most policy interventions occur on the local level, their innovation effects can spill over to other jurisdictions, potentially having global impact. These spillovers can increase or reduce the incentive for interventions. Lacking to date are computational models that capture these spillover dynamics. Here, we devise a conceptual and methodological approach to quantify ex ante the effects of local demand-side interventions on global competition between incumbent and novel technologies. We introduce two factors that moderate global spillovers—relative size of selection environments and relative innovation potential of competing technologies. Our approach incorporates both factors in a techno-economic discrete choice model that evaluates technology competition over time through endogenized technological learning. We apply this modeling framework to the case of road freight. Different demand-pull interventions and shocks are modeled to assess spillover effects. In the case of road freight, electric vehicles experience growth in most application segments but can still be accelerated substantially through public policy intervention—spillovers occur if strong public interventions are introduced in large regions or in multiple combined regions under club policy interventions. These findings are discussed in the context of club policy interventions and a modeled geopolitical shock in China. A full sensitivity analysis of model input parameters and intervention or shock dynamics reveals high model robustness. Finally, we discuss the implications of the road-freight case study as it might inform the progress of other niche technologies in transitioning sectors.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 94%

The effects of local interventions on global technological change through spillovers: A modeling framework and application to the road-freight sector

Noll,

Steffen,

Schmidt

2023

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

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“…The energy needed for transport, related to the kilometers travelled by each vehicle type, is considered equal to the one reported by [18] for the period 2018-2021 and projected for each scenario. It is considered that an average electric car consumes approximately 0.174 kWh/km [32] and an average electric motorbike 0.045 kWh/km [33].…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The city race to carbon neutrality; a realistic dream or a chimera?

Alexandri

2023

IOP Conf. Ser.: Earth Environ. Sci.

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This paper examines whether carbon neutrality of a city like Athens could be an achievable target, concentrating on energy induced greenhouse gas emissions. The main focus is on buildings, but the trends in transport are also investigated. Taking into consideration these examined trends, emphasis is given on technologies that have been put forward for the decarbonisation of cities, such as energy savings and electrification of all energy consuming activities. The incorporation of these technologies is examined within a time frame of approximately 30 years, in order to investigate how, with which technologies and synergies the city can reach carbon neutrality by 2050, taking into account the effect of the undergoing energy crisis. In these projections, various scenarios are examined, taking into consideration not only the effect of national plans for the decarbonisation of electricity production, but also the current energy crisis, which might lead to an increase in the carbon footprint of electricity. Optimistic and pessimistic scenarios, regarding the decarbonisation of electricity, energy demand trends, energy costs that lead to the rise of energy poverty within the city are investigated. Conclusions are drawn on the synergies that must take place so that energy efficiency technologies that have been put forward can be effective for the transformation of Athenian buildings and activities into carbon neutral ones, or can lead to the failure of such a goal.

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“…The levelized cost of charging (LCOC) for electric vehicles is a critical metric for evaluating the economic feasibility and competitiveness of EVs compared to traditional internal combustion engine vehicles (ICEVs). In [19], the authors calculate the LCOC for 30 European countries. The study reveals a considerable variation in charging expenses among countries and diverse charging methods.…”

Section: Literature Reviewmentioning

confidence: 99%

Optimal Electric Vehicle Parking Lot Energy Supply Based on Mixed-Integer Linear Programming

Jakus,

Vasilj,

Jolevski

2023

Energies

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E-mobility represents an important part of the EU’s green transition and one of the key drivers for reducing CO2 pollution in urban areas. To accelerate the e-mobility sector’s development it is necessary to invest in energy infrastructure and to assure favorable conditions in terms of competitive electricity prices to make the technology even more attractive. Large peak consumption of parking lots which use different variants of uncoordinated charging strategies increases grid problems and increases electricity supply costs. On the other hand, as observed lately in energy markets, different, mostly uncontrollable, factors can drive electricity prices to extreme levels, making the use of electric vehicles very expensive. In order to reduce exposure to these extreme conditions, it is essential to identify the optimal way to supply parking lots in the long term and to apply an adequate charging strategy that can help to reduce costs for end consumers and bring higher profit for parking lot owners. The significant decline in photovoltaic (PV) and battery storage technology costs makes them an ideal complement for the future supply of parking lots if they are used in an optimal manner in coordination with an adequate charging strategy. This paper addresses the optimal power supply investment problem related to parking lot electricity supply coupled with the application of an optimal EV charging strategy. The proposed optimization model determines optimal investment decisions related to grid supply and contracted peak power, PV plant capacity, battery storage capacity, and operation while optimizing EV charging. The model uses realistic data of EV charging patterns (arrival, departure, energy requirements, etc.) which are derived from commercial platforms. The model is applied using the data and prices from the Croatian market.

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Comparing the levelized cost of electric vehicle charging options in Europe

Cited by 33 publications

References 42 publications

The effects of local interventions on global technological change through spillovers: A modeling framework and application to the road-freight sector

The effects of local interventions on global technological change through spillovers: A modeling framework and application to the road-freight sector

The city race to carbon neutrality; a realistic dream or a chimera?

Optimal Electric Vehicle Parking Lot Energy Supply Based on Mixed-Integer Linear Programming

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