Comparing the local dynamic stability of trunk movements between varsity athletes with and without non-specific low back pain

Graham, Ryan B.; Oikawa, Lisa Y; Ross, Gwyneth B.

doi:10.1016/j.jbiomech.2014.01.033

Cited by 57 publications

(75 citation statements)

References 37 publications

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“…For the muscle activation (EMG) data, two seperate state spaces were created [14]. First, a full 14D state space was defined using the normalized linear envelopes of EMG voltage for each muscle (V), as well as their corresponding time-derivatives (F) [3] …”

Section: Muscular Contributions To Lumbar Spine Rotational Stiffnessmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Since these continuous EMG linear envelope and stiff ness profiles exhibit nearly periodic dynamics during repetitive trunk movements, Lyapunov exponents can be validly used to characterize their stability [3,13], Moreover, we have recently shown that the ability to maintain stable low back muscle activa tion profiles is impaired in varsity athletes with low levels of low back pain during repetitive unloaded spine flexion [14], displaying the importance of such analyses.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Local Dynamic Stability of Spine Muscle Activation and Stiffness Patterns During Repetitive Lifting

Graham

Brown

2014

Journal of Biomechanical Engineering

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To facilitate stable trunk kinematics, humans must generate appropriate motor patterns to effectively control muscle force and stiffness and respond to biomechanical perturbations and/or neuromuscular control errors. Thus, it is important to understand physiological variables such as muscle force and stiffness, and how these relate to the downstream production of stable spine and trunk movements. This study was designed to assess the local dynamic stability of spine muscle activation and rotational stiffness patterns using Lyapunov analyses, and relationships to the local dynamic stability of resulting spine kinematics, during repetitive lifting and lowering at varying combinations of lifting load and rate. With an increase in the load lifted at a constant rate there was a trend for decreased local dynamic stability of spine muscle activations and the muscular contributions to spine rotational stiffness; although the only significant change was for the full state space muscle activation stability (p < 0.05). With an increase in lifting rate with a constant load there was a significant decrease in the local dynamic stability of spine muscle activations and the muscular contributions to spine rotational stiffness (p ≤ 0.001 for all measures). These novel findings suggest that the stability of motor inputs and the muscular contributions to spine rotational stiffness can be altered by external task demands (load and lifting rate), and therefore are important variables to consider when assessing the stability of the resulting kinematics.

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Section: Muscular Contributions To Lumbar Spine Rotational Stiffnessmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Local Dynamic Stability of Spine Muscle Activation and Stiffness Patterns During Repetitive Lifting

Graham

Brown

2014

Journal of Biomechanical Engineering

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“…Using repetitive lumbar spine flexion-extension movements, local dynamic stability of the lumbar spine was first evaluated by Granata and England (2006). Many studies have since advanced our understanding of spine neuromuscular control by investigating how variables including movement speed (e.g., Granata and England, 2006;Graham and Brown, 2012;Asgari et al, 2015), external load (e.g., Graham and Brown, 2012;Beaudette et al, 2014), low back pain (e.g., Graham et al, 2014;Ross et al, 2015), muscle fatigue (e.g., Granata and Gottipati, 2008;Asgari et al, 2017;Larson et al, 2018), and task asymmetry (Dupeyron et al, 2013;Lee and Nussbaum, 2013) affect dynamic lumbar spine stability.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Characterizing Local Dynamic Stability of Lumbar Spine Sub-regions During Repetitive Trunk Flexion-Extension Movements

Larson

Yun-xi

Zwambag

et al. 2019

Front. Sports Act. Living

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Using a technique of tracking intersegmental spine kinematics via skin surface markers, this study aimed to estimate local dynamic spine stability across smaller sub-regions (or segments) of the lumbar spine while also considering the impact of an external pelvic constraint during repetitive movements. Sixteen participants (10 males) performed two trials [Free Motion (FM), Pelvis Constrained (PC)] each consisting of 65 repetitive trunk flexion-extension movements to assess dynamic spine stability using maximum Lyapunov exponents (LyE). First, results indicated that LyE obtained from analysis of 30 repetitive flexion-extension movements did not differ from those obtained from analysis of greater numbers of repetitive movements, which aligns with results from a previous study for the whole lumbar spine. Next, for both males and females, and FM and PC trials, the most caudal region of the lumbar spine behaved the most dynamically stable, while upper lumbar regions behaved the most dynamically unstable. Finally, females demonstrated greater lumbar and intersegmental stability (lower LyE) during PC trials compared to FM, while males demonstrated slightly decreased lumbar and intersegmental stability (higher LyE) during PC trials compared to FM; this resulted in PC trials, but not FM trials, being different between sexes. Altogether, these data show that dynamic stability of lumbar spine sub-regions may be related to the proximity of the motion segment to rigid skeletal structures, and that consideration is needed when deciding whether to constrain the pelvis during analyses of dynamic spine stability.

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“…Stability provided by the trunk muscles is considered meaningful in counteracting sudden, unexpected loading during daily life as well as dynamic, high-intensity activities [8,12]. Hence, optimizing neuromuscular core stability is considered beneficial for protection against sudden, repetitive and excessive overloading of the trunk [8,9,12,13,14,15]. …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The analysis of trunk kinematics and posture comparing patients and healthy participants has been discussed as beneficial for extracting the mechanical factors that may be associated with the development, persistence and recurrence of back pain [13,14,20]. However, inconsistent results regarding movement patterns and kinematic variability during gait have been found [24–27].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of sudden walking perturbations on neuromuscular reflex activity and three-dimensional motion of the trunk in healthy controls and back pain symptomatic subjects

et al. 2017

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BackgroundBack pain patients (BPP) show delayed muscle onset, increased co-contractions, and variability as response to quasi-static sudden trunk loading in comparison to healthy controls (H). However, it is unclear whether these results can validly be transferred to suddenly applied walking perturbations, an automated but more functional and complex movement pattern. There is an evident need to develop research-based strategies for the rehabilitation of back pain. Therefore, the investigation of differences in trunk stability between H and BPP in functional movements is of primary interest in order to define suitable intervention regimes. The purpose of this study was to analyse neuromuscular reflex activity as well as three-dimensional trunk kinematics between H and BPP during walking perturbations.MethodsEighty H (31m/49f;29±9yrs;174±10cm;71±13kg) and 14 BPP (6m/8f;30±8yrs;171±10cm;67±14kg) walked (1m/s) on a split-belt treadmill while 15 right-sided perturbations (belt decelerating, 40m/s2, 50ms duration; 200ms after heel contact) were randomly applied. Trunk muscle activity was assessed using a 12-lead EMG set-up. Trunk kinematics were measured using a 3-segment-model consisting of 12 markers (upper thoracic (UTA), lower thoracic (LTA), lumbar area (LA)). EMG-RMS ([%],0-200ms after perturbation) was calculated and normalized to the RMS of unperturbed gait. Latency (TON;ms) and time to maximum activity (TMAX;ms) were analysed. Total motion amplitude (ROM;[°]) and mean angle (Amean;[°]) for extension-flexion, lateral flexion and rotation were calculated (whole stride cycle; 0-200ms after perturbation) for each of the three segments during unperturbed and perturbed gait. For ROM only, perturbed was normalized to unperturbed step [%] for the whole stride as well as the 200ms after perturbation. Data were analysed descriptively followed by a student´s t-test to account for group differences. Co-contraction was analyzed between ventral and dorsal muscles (V:R) as well as side right:side left ratio (Sright:Sleft). The coefficient of variation (CV;%) was calculated (EMG-RMS;ROM) to evaluate variability between the 15 perturbations for all groups. With respect to unequal distribution of participants to groups, an additional matched-group analysis was conducted. Fourteen healthy controls out of group H were sex-, age- and anthropometrically matched (group Hmatched) to the BPP.ResultsNo group differences were observed for EMG-RMS or CV analysis (EMG/ROM) (p>0.025). Co-contraction analysis revealed no differences for V:R and Srigth:Sleft between the groups (p>0.025). BPP showed an increased TON and TMAX, being significant for Mm. rectus abdominus (p = 0.019) and erector spinae T9/L3 (p = 0.005/p = 0.015). ROM analysis over the unperturbed stride cycle revealed no differences between groups (p>0.025). Normalization of perturbed to unperturbed step lead to significant differences for the lumbar segment (LA) in lateral flexion with BPP showing higher normalized ROM compared to Hmatched (p = 0.02). BPP showed a significant ...

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Comparing the local dynamic stability of trunk movements between varsity athletes with and without non-specific low back pain

Cited by 57 publications

References 37 publications

Local Dynamic Stability of Spine Muscle Activation and Stiffness Patterns During Repetitive Lifting

Local Dynamic Stability of Spine Muscle Activation and Stiffness Patterns During Repetitive Lifting

Characterizing Local Dynamic Stability of Lumbar Spine Sub-regions During Repetitive Trunk Flexion-Extension Movements

Effects of sudden walking perturbations on neuromuscular reflex activity and three-dimensional motion of the trunk in healthy controls and back pain symptomatic subjects

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