Comparing the patency of the left internal mammary in single, sequential, and Y grafts

Confounding adjustment in observational studies on cardiothoracic interventions: a systematic review of methodological practice

“…These stated ‘ As anticipated, the balanced nature of the baseline features in the 2 groups motivates our decision not to perform multivariable adjusted analyses ’ [ 11 ], ‘ Owing to the small sample size and that the 2 groups were later found to be largely similar at baseline, we elected to use weighting rather than matching ’ [ 12 ], and ‘ Maximum likelihood binary logistic regression was unable to be used due to low event rates. Therefore, exact logistic regression was used ’ [ 13 ].…”

Baby Y anastomosis, the journey towards total arterial complete myocardial revascularization

“… 6 , 19 Angiographic data also support the concern that obstruction or compromise of graft flow to the distal segment of a sequential graft, can not only affect flow to the second anastomosis, but also compromise that of the primary anastomosis when compared with Y grafting. 7 …”

“…The primary advantages of this method include constructing 4 to 6 distal anastomoses using 2 to 3 arterial conduits (LITA, LRA, and RRA) and avoiding the need for a sequential graft. 6 , 7 This benefits the surgeon by providing extra conduits to revascularize the additional target vessels while utilizing the redundant segment of the arterial conduits that would otherwise be discarded or would require harvesting of an additional arterial or venous conduits. It also reduces the need to construct any additional anastomoses on the LITA, which is only grafted to a significantly stenosed left anterior descending artery (LAD) and is considered sacrosanct in CABG.…”