Comparing the performance of supercritical CO2 fracking with high energy gas fracking in unconventional shale

Agarwal, Mandira; Kudapa, Vamsi Krishna

doi:10.1557/s43581-022-00043-x

Cited by 9 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 43 publications

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“…Furthermore, due to CO 2 strong penetrability, equipment must possess high sealing and antipuncture capabilities. ,− Pressure and temperature control: The maintenance of the supercritical state of CO 2 , which is a highly compressed fluid, requires careful control of temperature and pressure . Especially in deep shale formations where temperature and pressure can vary dramatically, this can be challenging to accomplish. ,,,,,,,,,,, Process of fracture initiation and propagation: The process of fracturing with Sc-CO 2 is significantly different from conventional hydraulic fracturing. It requires the development of precise laboratory testing methods that can be combined with numerical simulation approaches and other innovative techniques to comprehensively understand initiation and propagation of fractures during Sc-CO 2 fracturing. ,,,,,,,, Proppant carrying capacity: The Proppant transport and distribution in fractures created using Sc-CO 2 are critical issues in shale reservoirs in order to maintain open fractures, as it induces multiple complex fractures.…”

Section: Prospects Current Challenges and Environmental Concernmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Pressure and temperature control: The maintenance of the supercritical state of CO 2 , which is a highly compressed fluid, requires careful control of temperature and pressure . Especially in deep shale formations where temperature and pressure can vary dramatically, this can be challenging to accomplish. ,,,,,,,,,,, …”

Section: Prospects Current Challenges and Environmental Concernmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Companies and researchers have been working hard to identify nonaqueous working fluids that offer an opportunity to enhance production, reduce water usage, and lessen environmental effects. − Moreover, studies have shown that Sc-CO 2 is a more efficient nonaqueous working fluid than water in extracting gas from shale gas reservoirs. − This can be explained by the unique physical and chemical properties of Sc-CO 2 . − In comparison to water-based fracturing fluids, Sc-CO 2 avoids huge flowback wastewater disposal and formation damage because of its water sensitivity, resulting in environmentally friendly performance. , Supercritical carbon dioxide (CO 2 ) exhibits properties that lie between those of a gas and a liquid, when it is under pressures and temperatures greater than 7.38 MPa and 31.1 °C, respectively. ,,− In laboratory experiments, researchers found that CO 2 in its supercritical state has strong rock-breaking capacity and can infiltrate any space larger than its kinetic diameter (0.330 nm) due to its strong permeability, low viscosity, and extremely low surface tension like gas. It can fracture rock at lower fracturing pressure and form multiple highly complex fracture networks, which enhance oil and gas recovery by displacing remaining hydrocarbon and create a great potential for CO 2 geo-storage. ,,,,,− …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This technology uses the same techniques as for shale gas extraction to inject carbon dioxide into shale gas reserves. The carbon dioxide is then locked up for a long time and kept from escaping into the atmosphere by the rock formation. ,, The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) claims that carbon capture and storage (CCS) technology can control approximately 20% of global greenhouse gas emissions by 2050. Shale gas reserves, with their capacity to store billions of metric tonnes of CO 2 , can play a significant role in reducing global carbon emissions…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Supercritical Carbon Dioxide Utilization for Hydraulic Fracturing of Shale Reservoir, and Geo-Storage: A Review

Gupta,

Verma

2023

Energy Fuels

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Hydraulic fracturing has completely revolutionized how shale resources are exploited to extracthydrocarbons. However, sustainability and environmental issues have fueled the desire for alternate fracturing technologies. Supercritical carbon dioxide (Sc-CO2) fracturing is a new method that uses high-pressure, high-temperature CO2 in its supercritical state (7.38 MPa and 31.1 °C) to generate fractures in shale formations, thereby increasing reservoir permeability. This Review thoroughly analyzes the effects of Sc-CO2 on shale reservoirs during the fracturing process, including the factors that affect fracture breakdown pressure and the complexity and roughness of fracture induced by Sc-CO2. Sc-CO2 can fracture rock at a fracturing pressure lower than that of slick water. CO2, in its supercritical state, shows strong permeability, low viscosity, and extremely low surface tension, like gas, because of which it can infiltrate any space larger than its kinetic diameter (0.330 nm). Many research investigations illustrate how Sc-CO2 affects shales with diverse pore structures, mineral compositions, and mechanical properties when exposed to Sc-CO2 for several hours to days. It is challenging to effectively store CO2 in shale gas reservoirs due to their low permeability and limited storage capacity. To improve the effectiveness of CO2 storage, shale can be fractured to increase the pore space and surface area in reservoirs. Thereby, a certain amount of the CO2 pumped for shale gas production can be securely stored in shale formations, reducing carbon emissions and allowing for a zero-carbon footprint. This paper discusses the pathway and different chemical reactions involved in the storage of CO2 after fracturing over a period. However, fully understanding the interactions between Sc-CO2 and shale rock and the possibility of long-term storage of CO2 in shale formations is quite challenging. It is because of a lack of research and limited knowledge in the above field. Hence, more investigation and development are required in the research area of Sc-CO2 fracturing and the interaction of CO2 with shale rock.

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