Comparing the results of laboratory and World-Wide Web samples on the determinants of female attractiveness

Krantz, John H.; Ballard, Jody; Scher, Jody

doi:10.3758/bf03204824

Cited by 159 publications

(135 citation statements)

References 7 publications

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“…At this point in time, findings seem in general to show that Internet-mediated studies do address the same psychological phenomena and produce the same patterns of results as their traditional counterparts (e.g., Joinson & Buchanan, in press;Krantz et al, 1997;Krantz & Dalal, 2000;Smith & Leigh, 1997),…”

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confidence: 89%

“…There are compelling reasons for doing such work (e.g., Buchanan & Smith, I 999b;Hewson, Laurent, & Vogel, 1996;Reips, 1996Reips, ,2000Schmidt, 1997;Smith & Leigh, 1997;Szabo & Frenkl, 1996), and various traditional empirical protocols are being adapted for use on the Internet (e.g. Birnbaum, 1999;Joinson, 1999;Krantz, Ballard, & Scher, 1997;Pagani & Lombardi, 2000;Pasveer & Ellard, 1998;Schwarzer, Mueller, & Greenglass, 1999;Smith & Leigh, 1997;Stones & Perry, 1997). However, numerous potential problems for the val idity ofsuch work have been also identified (e.g., Buchanan & Smith, 1999b;Schmidt, 1997),…”

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confidence: 99%

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Internet research: Self-monitoring and judgments of attractiveness

Buchanan

2000

Behavior Research Methods, Instruments, & Computers

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confidence: 89%

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confidence: 99%

Internet research: Self-monitoring and judgments of attractiveness

Buchanan

2000

Behavior Research Methods, Instruments, & Computers

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“…Krantz, Ballard, and Scher (1997) compared WWW volunteers with psychology students and found no differences. However, the topic (female attractiveness) was limited, and the PP and WWW sources were different.…”

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confidence: 99%

A comparison of World-Wide Web and paper-and-pencil personality questionnaires

Pettit

2002

Behavior Research Methods, Instruments, & Computers

110

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The World-Wide Web (WWW) is a network of interlinked computer servers that is increasingly widely accessible and includes users from all ages, ethnic origins, and geographic locations. Despite the advantages of the e-mail and computer-mediated administration methods, such as the reduced number of data entry errors and a wider range of subjects, paper and pencil (PP) has continued to remain the most popular questionnaire administration method. However, data collection via the WWW method incorporates many advantages from both the computer-mediated and the e-mail procedures, as well as savings of time. There are disadvantages, such as the lack of control, but the advantages make this method very enticing.At least as early as 1995, researchers began to seriously test the feasibility of using the WWW, with moderate success in the speed of data collection (Welch & Krantz, 1996). More current attempts have illustrated that personality questionnaire data via the WWW can occur extremely rapidly (Pettit, 1999). However, in these studies, the feasibility of WWW data collection was examined, rather than the quality of the data collected via the WWW.One way to evaluate the quality of data is to examine response sets. In questionnaires, response sets are patterns of responding that are independent of the questions. Cronbach (1946) indicated that "because response sets permit persons with the same knowledge or attitude or ability to receive different scores, response sets always lower the logical validity of a test" (p. 484). Five common response effects, including random responding, response errors, item nonresponse, acquiescent responding, and extreme responding, will be quickly reviewed here.Random responding occurs when participants haphazardly provide responses without reading the question. Using students to compare computer-mediated and PP administrations, Beach (1989) found that random response rates were higher for a computer-mediated than for a PPadministered attitude questionnaire.Only 4% of the PP participants exhibited symptoms of random responding, as compared with 10% of the computer-mediated participants. As measured by the F scale of the MMPI, Locke and Gilbert (1995) determined that random response rates were higher in both computer-mediated and PP administration groups than in interview groups.Response errors occur when a response to an item has been generated but the response cannot be used (e.g., illegible handwriting). In a questionnaire about health and personal characteristics, Kiesler and Sproull (1986) found that the e-mail administration (0%) produced a lower error rate than did the PP administration (5.3%) because it was impossible for e-mail participants to provide illegible responses.Item nonresponse is one of the most commonly studied response sets. In a questionnaireabout the effectiveness of a computer-trainingsession, Webster and Compeau (1996) observed a higher average rate of missing responses in the computer-mediated administration than in the PP administration. However, Locke and Gilbert (1...

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“…In general, Internet research is prospering (e.g., Janetzko, Hildebrandt, & Meyer, 1999;Klauer, Musch, & Naumer, 2000;Krantz, Ballard, & Scher, 1997;Lawson & Todd, 2000;Michalak, 1998;Reips, 1996Reips, , 2000Welch & Krantz, 1996). Stevenson, Francis, and Kim (1999), as well as Malloy and Jensen (2000), have used JAVA to realize demonstration experiments for teaching.…”

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confidence: 99%

An inaccurate-timing filter for reaction time measurement by JAVA applets implementing Internet-based experiments

Eichstaedt

2001

Behavior Research Methods, Instruments, & Computers

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JAVA applets are not accurate enough to measure reaction time unless precautions are taken. A response-filtering technique is introduced that identifies inaccurate measurements by testing whether the client-side JAVA implementation produces false measurements of a time interval of known length during the measured reaction time. Reaction times that indicate such inaccuracy are discarded to increase the reliability of the remaining data. Three studies provide illustrative data on the effectiveness of the new technique, using 11 different computer systems. Study 1 showed differences in the accuracy of different clients and higher variabilityof the obtained means with applets than with native programs. Study 2 showed sharply increased variability when additional loads were imposed on the clients during reaction time measurement. The response-filtering technique diminishes this variability.Study 3 indicated more accurate measurement, with the new technique being able to reveal even smaller differences in difficult technical conditions.

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Comparing the results of laboratory and World-Wide Web samples on the determinants of female attractiveness

Cited by 159 publications

References 7 publications

Internet research: Self-monitoring and judgments of attractiveness

Internet research: Self-monitoring and judgments of attractiveness

A comparison of World-Wide Web and paper-and-pencil personality questionnaires

An inaccurate-timing filter for reaction time measurement by JAVA applets implementing Internet-based experiments

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