Comparing the Use of Camera Traps and Farmer Reports to Study Crop Feeding Behavior of Moor Macaques (Macaca maura)

Zak, Alison A.; Riley, Erin P.

doi:10.1007/s10764-016-9945-6

Cited by 28 publications

(19 citation statements)

References 35 publications

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“…Humans and larger snakes are the only potential predators of this species. Although there is no evidence that people in the area hunt M. maura for consumption, there are reports of retaliation against crop feeding macaques across the species’ range 38,44 . Our study group comprised thirty-five individuals during the period of data collection: nine adult males (≥8 years old), 11 adult females (>6 years old), two subadult males (6–7 years old), six juvenile males (1–5 years old), five juvenile females (1–4 years old), and two infants (<1 year old).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The moor macaque ( Macaca maura ) is an Endangered primate species endemic to South Sulawesi, Indonesia 37 . While people have long encountered moor macaques during crop foraging events at the forest-farm edge throughout the species’ distribution 38 , frequent, direct interactions with wild primates in BBNP were uncommon until recently. Beginning in 2015, our macaque study group shifted their behaviour, spending more time along the provincial road bisecting its home range, where some individuals began approaching passing vehicles and accepting food from humans.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Interactions with humans are jointly influenced by life history stage and social network factors and reduce group cohesion in moor macaques (Macaca maura)

Morrow

Glanz

Ngakan

et al. 2019

Sci Rep

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Human-wildlife encounters are becoming increasingly frequent across the globe, often leading people to interact with and feed wild animals and impacting animal behaviour and ecology. Although the nature of human-wildlife interactions has been well documented across a number of species, we still have limited understanding as to why some individual animals interact more frequently with humans than others. Additionally, we lack a comprehensive understanding of how these interactions influence animal social networks. Using behavioural data from a group of moor macaque monkeys (Macaca maura), we used permutation-based linear regression analyses to understand how life history and social network factors jointly explain interindividual variation in tendency to interact with humans along a provincial road in South Sulawesi, Indonesia. As our study group spent only a portion of their time in proximity to humans, we also examined how social network structure changes in response to human presence by comparing social networks in the forest to those along the road. We found that sex, individual network position, and associate network position interact in complex ways to influence individual behaviour. Individual variation in tendency to be along the road caused social networks to become less cohesive when in proximity to humans. This study demonstrates that nuanced intragroup analyses are necessary to fully understand and address conservation issues relating to human-wildlife interactions.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Interactions with humans are jointly influenced by life history stage and social network factors and reduce group cohesion in moor macaques (Macaca maura)

Morrow

Glanz

Ngakan

et al. 2019

Sci Rep

Self Cite

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show abstract

“…We thank all of the authors of the primary research we drew upon. We have included in the reference list those studies not cited in the main text [60–140]. We also thank Joanna Burgar and an anonymous reviewer for their constructive comments on the manuscript.…”

Section: Acknowledgementsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Snap happy: camera traps are an effective sampling tool when compared with alternative methods

2019

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Camera traps have become a ubiquitous tool in ecology and conservation. They are routinely deployed in wildlife survey and monitoring work, and are being advocated as a tool for planetary-scale biodiversity monitoring. The camera trap's widespread adoption is predicated on the assumption of its effectiveness, but the evidence base for this is lacking. Using 104 past studies, we recorded the qualitative overall recommendations made by study authors (for or against camera traps, or ambiguous), together with quantitative data on the effectiveness of camera traps (e.g. number of species detected or detection probabilities) relative to 22 other methods. Most studies recommended the use of camera traps overall and they were 39% more effective based on the quantitative data. They were significantly more effective compared with live traps (88%) and were otherwise comparable in effectiveness to other methods. Camera traps were significantly more effective than other methods at detecting a large number of species (31% more) and for generating detections of species (91% more). This makes camera traps particularly suitable for broad-spectrum biodiversity surveys. Film camera traps were found to be far less effective than digital models, which has led to an increase in camera trap effectiveness over time. There was also evidence from the authors that the use of attractants with camera traps reduced their effectiveness (counter to their intended effect), while the quantitative data indicated that camera traps were more effective in closed than open habitats. Camera traps are a highly effective wildlife survey tool and their performance will only improve with future technological advances. The images they produce also have a range of other benefits, for example as digital voucher specimens and as visual aids for outreach. The evidence-base supports the increasing use of camera traps and underlines their suitability for meeting the challenges of global-scale biodiversity monitoring.

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“…Farmers in Sulawesi report that macaques (Macaca maura) feed on crops most days yet camera trap data confirm they only forage on crops on 23% of days (Zak & Riley 2017). The reasons for disparities between measured and perceived risk are not always apparent but are likely to be the result of synergies between people's individual experience, wider societal practices, cultural norms, outlooks and beliefs (Dickman 2013).…”

Section: People's Perceptions Of and Attitudes Towards Primates Thamentioning

confidence: 99%

Crop Foraging, Crop Losses, and Crop Raiding

Hill

2018

Annu. Rev. Anthropol.

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Crop foraging or crop raiding concerns wildlife foraging and farmers’ reactions and responses to it. To understand crop foraging and its value to wildlife or its implications for humans requires a cross-disciplinary approach that considers the behavior and ecology of wild animals engaging in this behavior; the types and levels of competition for resources between people and wildlife; people's perceptions of and attitudes toward wildlife, including animals that forage on crops; and discourse about animals and their behaviors and how these discourses can be used for expressing dissent and distress about other social conflicts. So, to understand and respond to conflicts about crop damage, we need to look beyond what people lose, i.e., crop loss and economic equivalence, and focus more on what people say about wildlife and why they say it.

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Comparing the Use of Camera Traps and Farmer Reports to Study Crop Feeding Behavior of Moor Macaques (Macaca maura)

Cited by 28 publications

References 35 publications

Interactions with humans are jointly influenced by life history stage and social network factors and reduce group cohesion in moor macaques (Macaca maura)

Interactions with humans are jointly influenced by life history stage and social network factors and reduce group cohesion in moor macaques (Macaca maura)

Snap happy: camera traps are an effective sampling tool when compared with alternative methods

Crop Foraging, Crop Losses, and Crop Raiding

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