Comparing the Use of Protons and Carbon Ions for Treatment

Uhl, Matthias; Herfarth, Klaus; Debus, Jürgen

doi:10.1097/ppo.0000000000000078

Cited by 40 publications

(33 citation statements)

References 65 publications

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“…secondary cancers in children) with modern treatment modalities such as passive proton therapy and IMRT, because these therapies produce large amounts of scatter, leakage and neutron radiation, and their effects are being evaluated with computational phantoms. The advanced radiation therapies [43][44][45] with principle of ALARA (as low as reasonably achievable) need to be pursued continuously.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evolution and Progress in the Application of Radiation in Cancer Diagnosis and Therapy

Aggarwal¹

2017

Current Science

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Cancer is a ubiquitous health problem globally caused by poor food quality, environmental pollution, genetic factors, etc. Despite the manifold presumptive theories put forth for its causation, there is an extreme paucity of knowledge as regards the actual etiology of cancer, as well as any preventive or prophylactic therapy. The treatment options available include surgery, chemotherapy and radiation therapy (both internal and external). There have been technical and technological advancements in the fields of 'cancer surgery' and 'cancer chemotherapy', and radiotherapy in oncology is not too far behind. X-rays (from linear accelerators LINACs) and gamma rays (e.g. in Bhabhatron) are commonly used for radiation treatment of various types of cancers. New developments include proton beam therapy (PBT) and heavy ion beam therapy (IBT) (e.g. C +6 ion). These new developments of PBT and IBT offer significant advantages to treat paediatric patients, and to radiate deep-seated and radioresistant tumours. This article gives an overview of the various radiation therapies used worldwide, cost comparison of setting up these facilities, operational and treatment costs and advantages, limitations as well as the present status of different charged particle therapy facilities available worldwide.Keywords: Accelerators, cancer, diagnosis, oncology, radiation therapy. CANCER (a generic term for more than 100 different diseases characterized by uncontrolled, abnormal growth of cells) is one of the major killer diseases in humans whose origins are not yet well established despite extensive research in different international laboratories and hospitals all over the world. There are various kinds of cancers, e.g. breast cancer which accounts for 23% of all cancer cases in females, brain cancer, lung cancer, gastrointestinal (GI) cancer, cervical cancer, prostate cancer, etc. The treatment and prognosis are dependent upon the stage at which the cancer is detected, which in turn is governed by the accurate and sensitive cancer diagnostic methodology. Imaging techniques based on different radiations like X-rays and -rays are highly valuable, and are internationally recognized 'gold standards' for cancer diagnosis. X-rays, -rays, -particles, protons and heavy ions are useful for radiation therapy before or after the surgery of a cancerous organ. Radiation therapy can be given by internal radiation (brachytherapy) or external radiation for the treatment of cancer. About 4% of people in developed countries are diagnosed with cancer each year, and more than 50% of these patients are subjected to radiation therapy, along with surgery, as a part of their treatment protocols. Radiation therapy may be used with curative intent, or as a palliative treatment, where cure is not possible. It can be used alone or in combination with other approaches (surgery and chemotherapy) to treat localized solid tumours (e.g. cancers of the skin, brain, breast, or cervix), and also to treat cancers such as leukaemia and lymphoma. Radiation therapy works by ...

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evolution and Progress in the Application of Radiation in Cancer Diagnosis and Therapy

Aggarwal¹

2017

Current Science

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“…In contrast to photon radiotherapy, proton radiotherapy ensures a greater precision in confining the high-dose region to the target volume while minimizing the dose delivered to healthy tissues and/or critical organs surrounding the tumour, or to those lying in the path of the proton beam [1][2][3][4][5][6][7]. In theory, proton radiotherapy enables dose escalation without increasing the risk of side effects (SE) or complications.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The clinical benefits of proton radiotherapy are thus to either improve local control or in reducing toxicity [8][9][10][11]. The physical properties of protons enable clinical indications to be determined, especially in radio-resistant tumours localized within critical organs [6,7].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The tolerance of proton radiotherapy — preliminary results

Sas-Korczyńska

Pluta²,

Chrostowska³

et al. 2017

Nowotwory. Journal of Oncology

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“…The proton beam's physical properties enable clinical indications to be determined, especially in defining low radiosensitive tumours localised within the vicinity of critical organs [3,4].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…One solution is to use a proton beam whose physical properties, especially the manner in which energy is deposited (so-called Bragg curve), permit the proposed therapeutic dose to be precisely given to the clinical target volume whilst limiting the dose delivered to healthy tissue and/or critical organs that either surround the tumour or are in the path of the irradiating proton beam [2][3][4]. Proton radiotherapy thereby enables dose escalation without increasing any risk of developing side effects and complications (i.e.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Proton radiotherapy for treating the most common carcinomas

Sas-Korczyńska

Jakubowicz²,

Reinfuss³

2017

Nowotwory. Journal of Oncology

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A literature review is presented on proton radiotherapy when used for treating the most common carcinoma types such as cancer of the lung, breast and prostate. This is based on analytic parameters of dosimetry and clinical outcomes (efficacy and toxicity), along with studies on cost-effectiveness as compared to those achieved by conventional photon radiotherapy. NOWOTWORY J Oncol 2016; 66, 5: 396-402

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Comparing the Use of Protons and Carbon Ions for Treatment

Cited by 40 publications

References 65 publications

Evolution and Progress in the Application of Radiation in Cancer Diagnosis and Therapy

Evolution and Progress in the Application of Radiation in Cancer Diagnosis and Therapy

The tolerance of proton radiotherapy — preliminary results

Proton radiotherapy for treating the most common carcinomas

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