Comparing toxicity and bioactivity of gold nanoparticles synthetized using two brown algae Cystoseira sp

Extraction and Nano-Sized Delivery Systems for Phlorotannins to Improve Its Bioavailability and Bioactivity

“…This technology can not only mask or retain flavor and increase solubility of the payload, but also protects it from degradation by environmental factors, and controls its release at the target site [82]. In a recent report, Qi et al [66] investigated the potential of using polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) as the coating to produce nanocapsulated PVP-phlorotannin complexes (Figure 4) with improved bioactivities and bioavailability. Different loading ratios of PVP vs. phlorotannin were investigated, and an optimum ratio of 8:1 (w/w) was established.…”

“…As shown in Figure 5, the results indicated that the PVP-phlorotannin nanoparticles showed a slow and sustained kinetic release of phlorotannin in simulated gastrointestinal fluids; they were non-toxic to HaCaT keratinocytes (i.e., skin cells), and they could reduce the generation of endogenous reactive oxygen species (ROS). A PVP-based solid dispersion system would be a good choice for making better nano-sized delivery systems for phlorotannins in medicine, food, and cosmetics [66,83]. An interesting development with phlorotannin nano carriers was the synthesis of metallic nanoparticles (typically Au and Ag), with phlorotannins serving as the reducing agent.…”

“…Polyphenols' low bioavailability is mainly due to their low absorption in the human gastrointestinal (GI) tract following consumption and their extensive biotransformation within the gut, which may lead to their rapid clearance from the body (Figure 1 [62]). To improve the bioavailability of phlorotannins, nano-sized delivery systems have been investigated [26,61,[63][64][65][66][67][68][69][70]. Figure 2 showed a schematic representation of examples of these systems [71].…”

“…Nano-phlorotannin systems were also shown to enhance the functionality of the phlorotannins. For example, gold nanoparticle-phlorotannin and silver nanoparticle-phlorotannin complexes have been investigated by serval researchers [26,61,[63][64][65][66][67][68][69][70]; they were shown by DPPH assays to have elevated antioxidant activity. Nano-enabled improvement on bioavailability and bioactivity may offer a more effective way for the utilization of phlorotannins in pharmaceutical, food, and biochemical industries.…”