Comparing two basic subtypes in OCD across three large community samples: a pure compulsive versus a mixed obsessive–compulsive subtype

Abstract

Due to its heterogeneous phenomenology, obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) has been subtyped. However, these subtypes are not mutually exclusive. This study presents an alternative subtyping approach by deriving non-overlapping OCD subtypes. A pure compulsive and a mixed obsessive-compulsive subtype (including subjects manifesting obsessions with/without compulsions) were analyzed with respect to a broad pattern of psychosocial risk factors and comorbid syndromes/diagnoses in three representative Swiss community samples: the Zurich Study (n = 591), the ZInEP sample (n = 1500), and the PsyCoLaus sample (n = 3720). A selection of comorbidities was examined in a pooled database. Odds ratios were derived from logistic regressions and, in the analysis of pooled data, multilevel models. The pure compulsive subtype showed a lower age of onset and was characterized by few associations with psychosocial risk factors. The higher social popularity of the pure compulsive subjects and their families was remarkable. Comorbidities within the pure compulsive subtype were mainly restricted to phobias. In contrast, the mixed obsessive-compulsive subtype had a higher prevalence and was associated with various childhood adversities, more familial burden, and numerous comorbid disorders, including disorders characterized by high impulsivity. The current comparison study across three representative community surveys presented two basic, distinct OCD subtypes associated with differing psychosocial impairment. Such highly specific subtypes offer the opportunity to learn about pathophysiological mechanisms specifically involved in OCD.

Subtypes of stuttering determined by latent class analysis in two Swiss epidemiological surveys

“…Psychosocial risk / associated factors identified in the present data were dominated by broken home and adversities in the nuclear family, including disintegration of the nuclear family, interparental violence, and a lack of support at home. When compared with analyses with other mental disorders, for example obsessive compulsive disorder [ 75 ] or specific phobias [ 76 ], the range of psychosocial risk / associated factors in stuttering was limited in number and included mainly chronically stressful psychosocial conditions in the family in combination with interparental violence or fear of maltreatment. However, the pattern of psychosocial risk / associated factors found in the two present studies did not confirm parental alcohol abuse or dependence [ 8 ], as reported in previous studies.…”

Social Phobia Is Associated with Delayed Onset of Chickenpox, Measles, and Mumps Infections

“…As in other phobias (24) or OCD (31), the analysis of epidemiological parameters, risk factors, and comorbidity patterns split by sex and age at onset of first symptoms indicates some hidden heterogeneity of this disorder, as do clinical studies (32). …”

Analysis Technology of Environmental Monitoring Data Based on Internet of Things Environment and Improved Neural Network Algorithm

“…In order to avoid the occurrence of air pollution, large funds have been invested in the prevention of air pollution at various levels in our country (Bey et al, 2017) and an atmospheric environment monitoring Internet of Things has been established. Through the monitoring of the quality of the atmospheric environment, it can be controlled in real time, which guides the industrial production and the construction of related pollution prevention facilities (Rodgers et al, 2015;Lochner et al, 2011;Zhang et al, 2018a). At present, almost all atmospheric environmental monitoring data is used to prepare environmental reports such as daily newspapers and annual reports (Arsie et al, 2010;Marino et al, 2017) while the value of data needs to be further explored (Li et al, 2014).…”