Comparing two methods of univariate discriminant analysis for sex discrimination in an Iberian population

Jiménez‐Arenas, Juan Manuel; Guerrero, José Antonio Esquivel

doi:10.1016/j.forsciint.2013.03.016

Cited by 13 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 27 publications

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“…Also, it is useful for evaluating data from samples with only a reduced number of observations. The method has been used to analyze both specific-interspecific and specific variations and has been employed in different disciplines, such as Palaeontology [132], Archaeology [133], and Forensic Anthropology [134]. In this case, this statistical analysis allowed us to evaluate whether the differences between the averages of the facet angles obtained from our sample is significant enough to distinguish typological categorizations (specifically, the PSSB groupings).…”

Section: Stage 3) Morphometric Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

Subspheroids in the lithic assemblage of Barranco León (Spain): Recognizing the late Oldowan in Europe

et al. 2020

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The lithic assemblage of Barranco León (BL), attributed to the Oldowan techno-complex, contributes valuable information to reconstruct behavioral patterning of the first hominins to disperse into Western Europe. This archaic stone tool assemblage comprises two, very different groups of tools, made from distinct raw materials. On the one hand, a small-sized toolkit knapped from Jurassic flint, comprising intensively exploited cores and small-sized flakes and fragments and, on the other hand, a large-sized limestone toolkit that is mainly linked to percussive activities. In recent years, the limestone macro-tools have been the center of particular attention, leading to a re-evaluation of their role in the assemblage. Main results bring to light strict hominin selective processes, mainly concerning the quality of the limestone and the morphology of the cobbles, in relation to their use-patterning. In addition to the variety of traces of percussion identified on the limestone tools, recurrences have recently been documented in their positioning and in the morphology of the active surfaces. Coupled with experimental work, this data has contributed to formulating hypothesis about the range of uses for these tools, beyond stone knapping and butchery, for activities such as: wood-working or tendon and meat tenderizing. The abundance of hammerstones, as well as the presence of heavy-duty scrapers, are special features recognized for the limestone component of the Barranco León assemblage. This paper presents, for the first time, another characteristic of the assemblage: the presence of polyhedral and, especially, subspheroid morphologies, virtually unknown in the European context for this timeframe. We present an analysis of these tools, combining qualitative evaluation of the raw materials, diacritical study, 3D geometric morphometric analysis of facet angles and an evaluation of the type and position of percussive traces; opening up the discussion of the late Oldowan beyond the African context.

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Section: Stage 3) Morphometric Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

Subspheroids in the lithic assemblage of Barranco León (Spain): Recognizing the late Oldowan in Europe

et al. 2020

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“…Thus, the strive for higher accuracy in sex estimation is ongoing. Presently, some studies have peaked to over 90% accuracy in ancestry estimation, using new approaches such as geometric morphometrics, but these methods as applied to sex estimation have yielded a much lower accuracy of ~70% (Fortes de Oliveira et al, 2012;Jiménez-Arenas & Esquivel, 2013;Murphy & Garvin, 2018;Webster & David Sheets, 2010;Zelditch, Swiderski, & David Sheets, 2012). Our study however harnesses an innovative method-machine learning (Bejdová, Dupej, Krajíček, Velemínská, & Velemínský, 2018;Bewes, Low, Morphett, Pate, & Henneberg, 2019;Gao, Geng, & Yang, 2018).…”

Section: | Introductionmentioning

confidence: 92%

“…All craniometric measurements were taken using spreading calipers (0.01 mm). We selected 17 craniometric measurements that are common in sexual dimorphism studies (Dayal, Spocter, & Bidmos, 2008;Fortes de Oliveira et al, 2012;Jaskulska, 2005;Jiménez-Arenas & Esquivel, 2013;Uytterschaut, 1986). The measurements, including the foramen magnum, were performed according to standard protocols set out in Martin and Saller (1956).…”

Section: Measurementsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sex estimation in cranial remains: A comparison of machine learning and discriminant analysis in Italian populations

Pozzi

Raffone

Belcastro

et al. 2020

Preprint

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Objectives:Using cranial measurements in two Italian populations, we compare machine learning methods to the more traditional method of linear discriminant analysis in estimating sex. We use crania in sex estimation because it is useful especially when remains are fragmented or displaced, and the cranium may be the only remains found. Materials and Methods:Using the machine learning methods of decision tree learning, support-vector machines, knearest neighbor algorithm, and ensemble methods we estimate the sex of two populations:Samples from Bologna and samples from the island of Sardinia. We used two datasets, one containing 17 cranial measurements, and one measuring the foramen magnum. Results and Discussion:Our results indicate that machine learning models produce similar results to linear discriminant analysis, but in some cases machine learning produces more consistent accuracy between the sexes. Our study shows that sex can be accurately predicted (> 80%) in Italian populations using the cranial measurements we gathered, except for the foramen magnum, which shows a level of accuracy of ~70% accurate which is on par with previous geometric morphometrics studies using crania in sex estimation. We also find that our trained machine learning models produce population-specific results; we see that Italian crania are sexually dimorphic, but the features that are important to this dimorphism differ between the populations. 2

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“…However, through partial shape examinations on each of the seven regions, there were indications of strong sexual dimorphism in the midsagittal curve, the upper face, the orbital region, the nasal region, and the palatal region, but no sex variation in the cranium base and the neurocranium configuration. Another study has compared two discriminant function analysis methods on 17 craniometric variables from 90 Iberian skulls [19]. The authors observed higher metric variables in male samples than in female samples [19].…”

Section: Related Workmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Another study has compared two discriminant function analysis methods on 17 craniometric variables from 90 Iberian skulls [19]. The authors observed higher metric variables in male samples than in female samples [19]. Luo et al [20] presented statistical analysis of the holistic shape of the frontal part of the skull using principal component analysis (PCA) and linear discriminant analysis (LDA) on Chinese samples.…”

Section: Related Workmentioning

confidence: 99%

Computer vision methods for cranial sex estimation

Arigbabu

Liao

Abdullah

et al. 2017

IPSJ T Comput Vis Appl

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The objective of this study is to demonstrate through empirical evaluation the potential of a number of computer vision (CV) methods for sex determination from human skull. To achieve this, six local feature representations, two feature learnings, and three classification algorithms are rigorously combined and evaluated on skull regions derived from skull partitions. Furthermore, we introduce for the first time the application of multi-kernel learning (MKL) on multiple features for sex prediction from human skull. In comparison to the classical forensic methods, the results in this study are competitive, attesting to the suitability of CV methods for sex estimation. The proposed approach is fully automatic.

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Comparing two methods of univariate discriminant analysis for sex discrimination in an Iberian population

Cited by 13 publications

References 27 publications

Subspheroids in the lithic assemblage of Barranco León (Spain): Recognizing the late Oldowan in Europe

Subspheroids in the lithic assemblage of Barranco León (Spain): Recognizing the late Oldowan in Europe

Sex estimation in cranial remains: A comparison of machine learning and discriminant analysis in Italian populations

Computer vision methods for cranial sex estimation

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