Comparison Among All‐Sky Simulations, FY‐3E MWTS‐3 and FY‐4A AGRI Observations of the First Typhoon Malakas in 2022

Abstract

The newly launched early morning satellite Fengyun‐3E (FY‐3E) helps to form a three‐orbit constellation for better observing the first Typhoon Malakas in 2022. Together with MetOp‐B and NOAA‐20, global observations are made available 6 times daily from three temperature sounders of MWTS‐3, AMSU‐A, and ATMS onboard FY‐3E, MetOp‐B, and NOAA‐20, respectively. Having channel frequencies much less than 200 GHz, brightness temperatures (TBs) at different sounding channels are linearly related to temperatures at different altitudes. This allows Malakas's warm cores to be retrieved from MWTS‐3, AMST‐A, and ATMS TB observations. The warm‐core maxima of Malakas at 250 hPa has a single‐peaked diurnal cycle, with its maximum and minimum peaking around midnight and noon, respectively. FY‐3E MWTS‐3 observations allowed the intensity and phase of the diurnal cycle better captured. The diurnal variations of warm core retrieved from all‐sky TB simulations of the ERA5 reanalysis and National Centers for Environmental Prediction (NCEP) Global Forecast System (GFS) analysis compared well with the three‐orbit constellation retrieval. All‐sky simulations of TB from the NCEP GFS analysis compared more favorably with FY‐4A AGRI TB observations than those from the ERA5 reanalysis.

Improving All‐Sky Simulations of Typhoon Cloud/Rain Band Structures of NOAA‐20 CrIS Window Channel Observations

“…The NCEP GFS analysis and forecast (NCEP et al, 2015) are available in Research Data Archive at the National Center for Atmospheric Research, Computational and Information Systems Laboratory; Data and Scripts are available at Zenodo (Niu, 2024).…”

First PWV Retrieval Using MERSI‐LL Onboard FY‐3E and Cross Validation With Co‐Platform Occultation and Ground GNSS

“…For the Global Navigation Satellite System Occultation Sounder II (GNOS-II) sensor, Huang et al (2022) thoroughly evaluated the global wind product from GNOS-II, showing that the product consistently meets the accuracy requirements for operational use. Niu and Zou (2022) studied the enhanced capability of Microwave Temperature Sounder-III (MWTS-III) to observe the first typhoon in 2022 in conjunction with the mid-morningorbit MetOp-B and the afternoon-orbit NOAA-20 satellites. Xiao et al (2023) assimilated MicroWave Humidity Sounder-II (MWHS-II) data into the global forecast system, showing that MWHS-II radiances improve humidity and temperature analysis.…”

“…(2022) thoroughly evaluated the global wind product from GNOS‐II, showing that the product consistently meets the accuracy requirements for operational use. Niu and Zou (2022) studied the enhanced capability of Microwave Temperature Sounder‐III (MWTS‐III) to observe the first typhoon in 2022 in conjunction with the mid‐morning‐orbit MetOp‐B and the afternoon‐orbit NOAA‐20 satellites. Xiao et al.…”

Revisiting the Characteristics of Super Typhoon Saola (2023) Using GPM, Himawari-9 and FY-4B Satellite Data

“…FY-4B is the new-generation operational geostationary satellite of China's Fengyun satellite series, orbiting as the sister star of FY-4A. The Fengyun satellite can provide higherresolution data, especially related to atmospheric and cloud products, which are significant for typhoon cloud type and phase analysis [41][42][43][44][45][46][47]. Yang et al [48] evaluated the accuracy of the FY-4B/GIIRS temperature and humidity profile retrievals using radiosonde observations and ERA5 reanalysis data.…”