Comparison among SASW, ReMi and PS-logging techniques: Application to a railway embankment

Pérez-Santisteban, I.; García-Mayordomo, Julián; Martín, Alfonso Muñoz; Carbó, A.

doi:10.1016/j.jappgeo.2010.11.006

Cited by 12 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 6 publications

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“…The PS suspension logging method allows the mechanical properties of the ground around a borehole to be obtained with great precision at any depth (Fahad Hossain et al., 2015; Pérez‐Santisteban et al., 2011; Tijera et al., 2019).…”

Section: Ps Suspension Logging Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Stiffness evolution of jet grouting columns performed under port caissons using PS suspension logging

Tijera,

Asanza,

Galindo

et al. 2023

Near Surface Geophysics

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Jet grouting is one of the ground improvement techniques that are currently more widely used for upgrading gravity quays, especially to increase their berth depth. Irregular columns are formed because of a rotating high‐pressure injection of a cementitious fluid in the ground that mixes with the natural soil. Despite its popularity, there is hardly any field experimentation on the stiffness gain of the mixture, especially under the base of port caissons. As fresh columns behave like a dense fluid with an excess of pore pressure, the evolution of mixture stiffness, especially at early ages after injection, is a key aspect when programming working windows for ground improvement, drill locations, sequencing and timing. Otherwise, crane rails, pavement and other services are at risk of undergoing undesirable local movements. One of the upgrading programs of the Port Authority of Valencia, Spain, is the increase of the berth depth of its quays, many engineered as concrete caissons. The concern about the temporary local loss of the foundation stiffness during the execution of each jet grouting column prompted research to find an in situ procedure capable of measuring the stiffness evolution of the jet grouting columns at early ages. This paper presents a successful procedure using PS suspension logging, expanding its scope of geotechnical engineering applicability in an innovative way. The use of the technique for the intended purpose and the execution process itself stands out as a novelty, with the insertion of the borehole casing pipe through the axis of the recently executed column. The key outcomes of this research are: (1) the novelty of studying the evolution of the stiffness in the early ages of the jet grouting columns executed under port caissons, where it is not possible to execute test columns; and (2) to propose an adequate and reliable method at the beginning of the works to plan the injection sequence of the next columns of jet grouting.

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Section: Ps Suspension Logging Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Stiffness evolution of jet grouting columns performed under port caissons using PS suspension logging

Tijera,

Asanza,

Galindo

et al. 2023

Near Surface Geophysics

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“…Conversely, it is well known that seismic refraction works only when seismic velocity is continuously increasing with depth (Pelton, 2005); because of this limitation, conventional refraction interpretation has now been superseded by first arrival tomography in most engineering applications (Paasche et al, 2013). In recent years, surface wave methods (Socco and Strobbia, 2004) have gained attention for the estimation of the S-wave profile for geotechnical applications (Park, 2013) and in the safety assessment of existing embankments (Karl et al, 2011;Pérez-Santisteban et al, 2011) although they provide 1-D shear wave profiles.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Characterization of an earth-filled dam through the combined use of electrical resistivity tomography, P- and SH-wave seismic tomography and surface wave data

Cardarelli

Cercato

Donno

2014

Journal of Applied Geophysics

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“…Recent studies have been able to expand the ReMi method range of imaging to depths of one kilometer [Pancha and Pullammanappallil, 2012. Results have been verified using synthetics and borehole instruments [Stephenson et al, 2005, Heath et al, 2006, Thelen et al, 2006, as well as other surface-array techniques [Anderson et al, 2007, Chávez-García et al, 2007, Pérez-Santisteban et al, 2011.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 87%

“…The ReMi method has been used to determine shallow velocity structure at various locations worldwide, including the United States [Scott et al, 2004, Thelen et al, 2006, Italy [Castellaro and Mulargia, 2009], Spain [Pérez-Santisteban et al, 2011], Mexico [Chávez-García et al, 2007], Germany [Richwalski et al, 2007], and New Zealand [Louie, 2001, Kaiser andSmith, 2005]. Common applications include the detection of geohazards such as faulting and landslide slip planes [Cashman et al, 2013], characterization of subsurface profiles [Rucker, 2003, Pancha et al, 2008, and liquefaction analysis [Kaiser and Smith, 2005].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Determining seismic shear-velocity from ambient noise sources at regional and local scales

Civilini¹

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<p>We present three projects that use different bandwidths of the ambient noise spectrum to solve geophysical problems. Specifically, we use signals within the noise field to determine surface and shear wave velocities, image the shallow and deep crust, and monitor time-dependent deformation resulting from geothermal fluid injection and extraction. Harrat Al-Madinah, a Cenozoic bimodal alkaline volcanic field in west-central Saudi Arabia, is imaged using shear-velocities obtained from natural ambient seismic noise. To our knowledge, this project is the first analysis of Saudi Arabia structure using ambient noise methods. Surface wave arrivals are extracted from a year's worth of station-pair cross-correlations, which are approximations of the empirical Green's function of the interstation path. We determine group and phase velocity surface wave dispersion maps with a 0.1 decimal degree resolution and resolve a zone of slow surface wave velocity south-east of the city of Medina, which is spatially correlated with the most recent historical eruption (the 1256 CE Medina eruption). Dispersion curves are calculated at each grid-point of the surface-wave velocity maps and inverted to obtain measurements of shear-velocity with depth. The 1D velocity models are then used to produce average shear-velocity models for the volcanic field. A shear-velocity increase ranging from 0.5 to 1.0 km/s, suggesting a layer interface, is detected at approximately 20 km depth and compared to P-wave measurement from a previous refraction study. We compute cross-section profiles by interpolating the inversions into a pseudo-3D model and resolve a zone of slow shear-velocity below the 1256 CE eruption location. These areas are also spatially correlated with low values of Bouguer gravity. We hypothesize that the low shear-velocity and gravity measurements are caused by fluids and fractures created from prior volcanic eruptions. We use the coda of cross-correlations extracted from ambient noise to determine shear-velocity changes at Rotokawa and Ngatamariki, two electricity producing geothermal fields located in the North Island of New Zealand. Stacks of cross correlations between stations prior to the onset of production are compared to cross correlations of moving stacks in time periods of well stimulation and the onset of electricity production using the Moving Window Cross Spectral technique. An increase between 0.05% to 0.1% of shear-velocity is detected at Rotokawa coinciding with an increase of injection. The shear-velocity subsequently decreases by approximately 0.1% when the rate of production surpasses the rate of injection. A similar amplitude shear-velocity increase is detected at Ngatamariki during the beginning of injection. After the initial increase, the shear-velocity at Ngatamariki fluctuates in response to differences in injection and production rates. A straight-ray pseudo-tomography analysis is conducted at the geothermal fields, which reveals that localized positive velocity changes are co-located with injection wells. Lastly, we use ambient noise and active sources at the Ngatamariki geothermal field to determine the structure of the top 200 meters using the Refraction Microtremor technique. We deployed a linear 72-channel array of vertical geophones with ten meter spacing at two locations of the geothermal field and determine average 1D and 2D shear-velocity profiles. We were able to image depths between 57 to 93 meters for 2D profiles and up to 165 meters for 1D profiles. A shear-velocity anomaly was detected across one of the lines that coincided with the inferred location of a fault determined from nearby well logs. This suggests that the method can be used to cheaply and quickly constrain near-surface geology at geothermal fields, where ambient noise is abundant and typical reflection and refraction surveys require large inputs of energy and are hindered by attenuation and scattering in near-surface layers.</p>

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Comparison among SASW, ReMi and PS-logging techniques: Application to a railway embankment

Cited by 12 publications

References 6 publications

Stiffness evolution of jet grouting columns performed under port caissons using PS suspension logging

Stiffness evolution of jet grouting columns performed under port caissons using PS suspension logging

Characterization of an earth-filled dam through the combined use of electrical resistivity tomography, P- and SH-wave seismic tomography and surface wave data

Determining seismic shear-velocity from ambient noise sources at regional and local scales

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