Comparison and assessment of methods for cellulose crystallinity determination

Salem, Khandoker Samaher; Kasera, Nitesh Kumar; Rahman, Md. Ashiqur; Jameel, Hasan; Habibi, Youssef; Eichhorn, Stephen J.; French, Alfred D.; Pal, Lokendra; Lucia, Lucian A.

doi:10.1039/d2cs00569g

Cited by 98 publications

(20 citation statements)

References 202 publications

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“…37,38 The stretching vibration peaks at 1834 cm −1 and 1770 cm −1 represent C]O, and 3425 cm −1 is related to -OH. 39,40 Cel exhibits pronounced -OH and C-O peaks. Obviously, the C-O of Cel-Ar300 disappears, indicating that the pre-carbonization at 300 °C causes breakage of the glucoside bond as well as a ring-opening reaction.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Cellulose with low crystallinity is more disordered. 35 Consequently, it presumably forms a more disordered hard carbon structure after carbonization, which enhances the intercalation and adsorption of sodium ions. In this study, a particular kind of cellulose with high polymerization degree and low crystallinity was selected as the carbon precursor.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Regulating oxygen functionalities of cellulose-derived hard carbon toward superior sodium storage

Zhao,

Li,

Shang

et al. 2024

J. Mater. Chem. A

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Regulating oxygen functionalities of cellulose-derived hard carbon toward superior sodium storage

Zhao,

Li,

Shang

et al. 2024

J. Mater. Chem. A

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“…Meanwhile, the crystallinity of the as-obtained COFs was calculated from XRD patterns according to eq W c = A normalc A c + A a where W c is crystallinity, A c is crystal peak area, and A a is amorphous peak area.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Meanwhile, the crystallinity of the as-obtained COFs was calculated from XRD patterns according to eq 1. 42…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Rational Regulation of the Exciton Effect of Acrylonitrile-Linked Covalent Organic Framework toward Boosting Visible-Light-Driven Hydrogen Evolution

Gao,

Yuan,

Wei

et al. 2023

ACS Catal.

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Covalent organic frameworks (COFs) exhibit relatively inefficient exciton dissociation and free charge generation, which arise from their high exciton binding energy. Here, a series of crystalline, acrylonitrile-linked COFs are fabricated to regulate exciton effects by strategies of shortening the linker length (TP-PN COF), introducing nitrogen atoms (TP-BPyN COF), and post-protonation (TP-BPyN PCOF). The temperature-dependent photoluminescence (PL) spectra and Nyquist plots reveal a decrease in exciton binding energy and charge transfer resistance of TP-PN COF, TP-BPyN COF, and TP-BPyN PCOF. Thus, an increase in free carrier generation and an extension of carrier lifetime are achieved, as demonstrated by transient photocurrents response and time-resolved fluorescence spectra (TRFS). DFT calculation reveals that low exciton binding energy and charge transfer resistance could relate to higher planarity structure. Besides, light absorption performance was improved by shortening the linker length, while the distribution density of Pt nanoparticles as H 2 evolution reaction (HER) sites was significantly improved by introducing nitrogen atoms as anchor points. As a result, the optimized TP-PN COF and TP-BPyN COF show efficient photocatalytic HER rates of 10,890 and 6457 μmol g −1 h −1 , respectively, improved by 13.92 and 8.26 times compared to that without modification (TP-BPN COF, 782 μmol g −1 h −1 ). Through a simple postprotonation strategy, the charge is redistributed and the structural distortion is reduced. Consequently, the HER rate of TP-BPyN PCOF significantly increased to 12,276 μmol g −1 h −1 . Meanwhile, the HER rate of TP-BPyN PCOF was further boosted to 15,929 and 22,438 μmol g −1 h −1 by optimizing the volume fractions of the sacrificial agent and the pH of the reaction system, respectively. This work could pave the way for developing efficient organic photocatalysts via rational regulation of the exciton effect.

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“…Tobacco stalk residues can contain up to 40% cellulose by weight [ 20 ]. Cellulose is the primary building block of plants [ 21 ] and the most abundant biopolymer in nature [ 22 , 23 , 24 ]. Cellulose is the primary component in natural fibers and constitutes more than 30–40% of the total biomass [ 25 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Characterization of Waste Nicotiana rustica L. (Tobacco) Fiber Having a Potential in Textile and Composite Applications

Ovalı

2024

Polymers

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Nicotiana rustica L. (NRL) is a type of tobacco plant, and its stalk waste is a potential lignocellulosic source for obtaining cellulose fibers freely available in nature. However, they are left in fields after harvesting, and this study provides a green and sustainable method to reuse tobacco waste. Fiber was obtained by retting the plant stalks in water and decomposing them naturally in three weeks. NRL fiber was characterized by comparing it with known bast fibers, and tests were applied to examine its physical, chemical, mechanical, morphological, and thermal properties. With its high cellulose content (56.6 wt%), NRL fiber had a high tensile strength (113.4 MPa) and a good crystallinity index (70%) that helped it to bond with other fibers in the composite matrix. Furthermore, the fiber is an environmentally friendly alternative to synthetic fibers with a diameter of 36.88 μm and low density (1.5 g/cm3). The NRL fiber was found to have a semi-crystalline structure and large crystalline size, which makes it hydrophobic. The thermal gravimetric analysis showed that it can be durable (353.9 °C) in higher temperatures than the polymerization temperature. As a result, it can be concluded that NRL fiber has the potential to be used as a reinforcement in polymer composites, technical textiles, and agricultural applications.

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Comparison and assessment of methods for cellulose crystallinity determination

Abstract: A suite of techniques is compared to understand the requirements, differences, synergies, and limitations of each method more comprehensively. Our review summarizes key principles to guide studies on the structure of cellulosics.

Cited by 98 publications

References 202 publications

Regulating oxygen functionalities of cellulose-derived hard carbon toward superior sodium storage

Regulating oxygen functionalities of cellulose-derived hard carbon toward superior sodium storage

Rational Regulation of the Exciton Effect of Acrylonitrile-Linked Covalent Organic Framework toward Boosting Visible-Light-Driven Hydrogen Evolution

Characterization of Waste Nicotiana rustica L. (Tobacco) Fiber Having a Potential in Textile and Composite Applications

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