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Related contentMetrological quantification of CO in biogas using laser absorption spectroscopy and gas chromatography Javis A Nwaboh, Stefan Persijn, Karine Arrhenius et al. Abstract Employing direct absorption spectroscopy and using a spectrometer comprising a single-pass and a multipass white cell, we probed the R(12) line of carbon dioxide (CO 2 ) in the combination band around 2 μm. Gravimetric gas standards containing CO 2 , between 300 and 60 000 μmol mol −1 (0.03% to 6%), in N 2 were quantified by means of the TILSAM method. The spectrometric results were compared with the gravimetric reference values. We describe our implementation of the 'Guide to the Expression of Uncertainty in Measurements' to infrared laser-spectrometric gas analysis. Data quality objectives are addressed by uncertainty and traceability flags. Uncertainty budgets are presented to show the quality of the results and to demonstrate software-assisted uncertainty assessment. The relative standard uncertainties of the spectrometrically measured CO 2 amount fractions at, e.g., ambient levels of 360 μmol mol −1 and at exhaled breath gas levels of 50 mmol mol −1 were 1.4% and 0.7%, respectively. Our detection limit was 2.2 μmol mol −1. The reproducibility of individual results was in the ±1% range. Furthermore, we measured collisional broadening coefficients of the R(12) line of CO 2 at 4987.31 cm −1 . The relative standard uncertainties of the measured self-, nitrogen-, oxygen-and air-broadening coefficients were in the ±1.7% range.