Comparison and Association between Different Types of Vaginitis and Risk Factors among Reproductive Aged Women in Lahore, Pakistan: a Cross-Sectional Study

Abstract

Mixed vaginitis is escalating worldwide and complicates the diagnosis and treatment of vaginitis. Several risk factors have been associated with prevalence of vaginitis. Prevalence and associated risk factors of different types of vaginitis especially, aerobic vaginitis (AV) are less known. A cross-sectional study was conducted to compare the prevalence and association among different types of vaginitis and risk factors in reproductive aged women (n=300) visiting Jinnah Hospital, Lahore for complaints of vaginal discharge. Data HIGHLIGHTS • Aerobic vaginitis (AV) is a least explored disease in Pakistan.• AV is the predominant cause of vaginitis followed by bacterial vaginosis (BV), vulvovaginal candidiasis (VVC) and trichomonas vaginitis (TV).• AV co-occurs significantly in higher frequency with BV and VVC as compared to TV.• Patients with history of miscarriage are more prone to AV and BV.• Unawareness and low socioeconomic conditions predispose women to TV.

The Formulation and Evaluation of Melaleuca alternifolia Cheel and Cymbopogon flexuosus Linn Essential Oils Emulgel for the Treatment of Vulvovaginal Candidiasis

“…The 85% prevalence of Candida albican caused the VVC observed in our study is. However, prevalence higher than the 49.7% [26] and 32.6% [27] reported in Lahore-Pakistan and North central Nigeria among women, respectively. This shows varying prevalence globally and maybe due to factors such as socio-demographic factors, sample size, and changes in the pattern of antibiotic resistance.…”

"Real-World Performance and Safety of Cerviron® Medical Device in the Treatment of Various Types of Vaginitis"

“…More than 20% of infectious vaginitis cases may be mixed [5,6]. In the past years, this challenging gynecological disorder has all too often been ignored by the medical community or regarded merely as a minor annoyance to women an therefore no standard of care is yet defined for any type of vaginitis [7,8].…”