Comparison and Evaluation of Extraction Media and Their Suitability in a Simple Model to Predict the Biological Relevance of Heavy Metal Concentrations in Contaminated Soils

A comparison of the rhizosphere-based method with DTPA, EDTA, CaCl2, and NaNO3 extraction methods for prediction of bioavailability of metals in soil to barley

“…Calcium is the dominant cation of soils and would reflect the differences in binding strength or solubility between different soils (Novozamsky et al, 1993). NaNO 3 would extract exchangeable metals mainly because its ionic strength is similar to that of soil solution and it does not affect the equilibrium between soil solution and soil solid (Gupta and Aten, 1993). Although easily exchangeable metals can be extracted with NaNO 3 and CaCl 2 , NaNO 3 exerts a weak competition for the adsorption sites of organic matter and oxide surfaces (Novozamsky et al, 1993).…”

“…DTPA extraction method (Lindsay and Norvell, 1978): 10.0 g of soil in 20 mL of 0.005 M DTPAC0.01 M CaCl 2 C0.01 M TEA, pH 7.3, shaking for 2 h; EDTA extraction method (Wear and Evans, 1968): 2.00 g of soil in 20 mL of 0.05 M EDTA, shaking for 1 h; CaCl 2 extraction method (Novozamsky et al, 1993): 2.00 g of soil in 20 mL of 0.01 M CaCl 2 , shaking for 3 h; NaNO 3 extraction method (Gupta and Aten, 1993): 8.00 g of soil in 20 mL of 0.1 M NaNO 3 , shaking for 2 h.…”

Copper Accumulation in Vineyard Soils: Distribution, Fractionation and Bioavailability Assessment

“…The toxicity of copper is essentially observed in acid soils, but not in calcareous soils and for copper contents as high as those reported in vineyard soils. A number of authors have found positive correlation between copper retention and pH [14,15] and sum of bases or exchangeable calcium [16]. The bioavailability of copper has also been reported to decrease when the cation exchange capacity or the level of organic matter increases [5,15].…”

“…A number of authors have found positive correlation between copper retention and pH [14,15] and sum of bases or exchangeable calcium [16]. The bioavailability of copper has also been reported to decrease when the cation exchange capacity or the level of organic matter increases [5,15]. Various electrolytes such as water, buffered or unbuffered salt solutions, chelating agents, diluted acids or a mix of these reagents can be used to estimate the biavailability of copper in soils (reviews given by [17,18]).…”

Utilization of Fuzzy Set Theory for Interpretation of Data of Investigations of Soil Contamination by Heavy Metals

“…Investigation of the possible health risks of exposure to heavy metal concentrations in river bank soils resulting from the flooding was made by Albering et al (1999).The simple model to predict the biorelevant metal concentration in anthropogenically or artificially contaminated soils is reported by Gupta & Atenbc (1993). This model has been tested in laboratory experiments, in growth experiments either in a greenhouse or in the field.…”