Comparison and Optimisation of Nocturnal Surveying Techniques in South Africa. 

Abstract

Animals are surveyed many different ways and have been for many years. Nocturnal animals in South Africa, such as aardvark (Orycteropus afer), porcupine (Hystrix africaeaustralis) and serval (Leptailurus serval) are notoriously elusive and difficult to detect. Many different methods have previously been used to study them, but direct empirical comparisons between methods are rare. Discovering if there is one overall technique that is better than any other or if there is an ideal combination of methods will assist future researchers in their studies, making it easier for them to discover particular species as well as finding them more often. In this study, it is aimed to find whether or not there is a single method that is better at detecting nocturnal species than any other method, or whether or not it is a combination of multiple methods used in tandem, as previously thought. Two different types of camera trapping and driven nocturnal transects using spotlights are compared with one another over an 18 month period to discover which is best for detecting a range of nocturnal species found at a site in South Africa. It was found that more common species, such as jackal were found often on driven nocturnal transects, with the rarer species found more often on camera traps, however not all species that are present on the site were found using either method, indicating a high degree of chance in discovering rarer species. These results suggest that while there may not be any one method that gives the best chance to discover all nocturnal species, researchers can pick certain methods for certain species in order to give the best chance of discovery.

Petrographic Analysis of the Sandstones and Mudstones in Alice, Eastern Cape Province, South Africa: Implications for Groundwater Potential

“…Most of the Eastern Cape areas are underlain by rocks of the Karoo Supergroup. The Eastern Cape aquifers are categorized as secondary types in which their water-bearing properties are enhanced during secondary processes, which includes fracturing, faulting, and dolerite intrusions [11]. There is very little knowledge of the rock's porosity and permeability, which are greatly influenced by the above-mentioned secondary processes in the study area.…”