Comparison and Validation of Models for the Design of Optimal Economic Pipe Diameters: A Case Study in the Anseba Region, Eritrea

Abstract

An optimal design for a pressurized flow pipe network is characterized by being economical and contributing the least amount of losses during water transmission through the system. The diameter of a pipe in a network system that delivers the desired effect with the minimum amount of waste and expenses is referred to as an optimal pipe size. The Life-Cycle Cost Analysis (LCCA) model is widely recognized as the recommended standard technique to estimate the optimal pipe size for any pipe flow network system. Numerous empirical formulas have been proposed to simplify the computations required in this economic analysis model. This study seeks to compare the various empirical models that have been proposed by different authors based on a variety of physical variables involved in fluid flow dynamics. Eleven different empirical equations were chosen in order to select the optimal diameter for the network at the Hamelmalo Agricultural College farm located in the Anseba region of Eritrea for the distribution of water to the different sub-plots. The estimated diameters were compared to the standard diameter calculated using the standard LCCA method. This comparison was based on the estimated total head losses and economic analysis of the pipe diameters chosen for such network. Moreover, a statistical analysis was conducted to obtain the best-fit recommended modeled diameter for the network. The Bresse’s model performance was the most adequate when compared with the LCCA model.

Economic Design of Water Distribution Networks

“…The details of the distribution are described below, and illustrated in Fig. 7 4.1 Network Simulation Table (1) Junction Data [22] Junction Label Elevation (m) q (m 3 /d) [22] Pipe No. L (m) D 1 (mm) Derived empirical relationship between cost and diameter of pipe for uPVC pipes can be expressed in the following relationship: [21] Power (KW) Power (W) Cost (EGP)…”

“…Pumping Cost Model [21] Figure 6 Pump and Pumping Cost Model [24] Figure 7 Layout of Case Study [22] Figure 8 Empirical Model for uPVC Pipes [25] Figure 9 Pump Cost Model [21] Figure 10 Pumping Cost Model [23][24] Figure 11 Relation between Q, D opt, V opt, and S opt [23] Figure 12 Economic Analysis Results [23]…”

Two Iterative Methods for Sizing Pipe Diameters in Gas Distribution Networks with Loops

“…where D is the inner pipe diameter (m); Q is the gas flow through the pipe in real conditions of pressure and temperature (m 3 /s); note that the Renouard relation, on the contrary, operates with Q st , gas flow at standard conditions; p st is the standard pressure of 10 5 Pa; u is the gas velocity (m/s); here, used for optimisation, u = 15 m/s; p is the real pressure in pipes (Pa); here, p/p st ≈ 4; π is the Ludolpf number ≈ 3.1415. Pipe diameters as part of a gas network with loops are optimised in this article, which is a different problem [88][89][90] compared to determining the diameter of a single pipe (a solution to the problem of a single pipe in particular conditions is given in [91][92][93]103]). In any case, pipes are standardised and therefore they must be chosen from the prescribed list available for sale on the market [94].…”

Evaluation of Pipe Materials in Water System Networks Using the Theory of Advanced Multi-Criteria Analysis

“…In a piping system, friction loss is the energy or pressure lost due to fluid resistance. Pipe roughness is represented by a coefficient of friction in the Darcy-Weisbach equation and the Hazen-Williams equation [37]. The Hazen-Williams coefficients of friction for HDPE, DI, and PVC are 140 [38]; according to reference [39], the AC and PVC pipes are 130 and 130-140, respectively.…”