Comparison between electromagnetic induction and fluxgate gradiometer measurements on the buried remains of a 17th century castle

Simpson, David G.; Lehouck, Alexander; Verdonck, Lieven; Vermeersch, Hans; Meirvenne, Marc Van; Bourgeois, Jean; Thoen, Erik; Docter, Roald

doi:10.1016/j.jappgeo.2009.03.006

Cited by 29 publications

(26 citation statements)

References 13 publications

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“…The earliest sensors were of the contact type (for example, the Veris sensor): they introduce an electrical current into the soil through current electrodes, usually in the shape of coulters that make contact with the soil to directly measure the soil resistance or electrical resistivity (ER); the difference in current flow potential is measured at potential electrodes that are placed in the vicinity of the current flow [5,7]. The non-contact or non-invasive soil sensors (for example, the DUALEM sensor) are based on the principle of electromagnetic induction (EMI) and, presently, these are the most commonly used for sensing techniques [12]. A transmitter coil located at one end of the EMI instrument induces eddy-current loops in the soil with the magnitude of these loops directly proportional to the electrical conductivity in the vicinity of that loop.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Spatial and Temporal Patterns of Apparent Electrical Conductivity: DUALEM vs. Veris Sensors for Monitoring Soil Properties

Serrano

Shahidian

Silva

2014

Sensors

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The main objective of this study was to compare two apparent soil electrical conductivity (ECa) sensors (Veris 2000 XA and DUALEM 1S) for mapping variability of soil properties in a Mediterranean shallow soil. This study also aims at studying the effect of soil cover vegetation on the ECa measurement by the two types of sensors. The study was based on two surveys carried out under two very different situations: in February of 2012, with low soil moisture content (SMC) and with high and differentiated vegetation development (non grazed pasture), and in February of 2013, with high SMC and with short and relatively homogeneous vegetation development (grazed pasture). The greater temporal stability of Veris sensor, despite the wide variation in the SMC and vegetation ground cover indicates the suitability of using this sensor for monitoring soil properties in permanent pastures. The survey carried out with the DUALEM sensor in 2012 might have been affected by the presence of a 0.20 m vegetation layer at the soil surface, masking the soil properties. These differences should be considered in the selection of ECa sensing systems for a particular application.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Spatial and Temporal Patterns of Apparent Electrical Conductivity: DUALEM vs. Veris Sensors for Monitoring Soil Properties

Serrano

Shahidian

Silva

2014

Sensors

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“…A possible explanation for the low readings results directly from the high levels of Mn and Fe oxides, which have higher magnetic susceptibility than silicate minerals. The majority of pedogenic studies using EMI have focused primarily on electrical conductivity; however, EMI sensors also detect magnetic susceptibility, so EMI can also be used to detect materials in soils that induce changes in magnetic susceptibility (e.g., Simpson et al, 2009). Iron is generally more abundant than Mn in these manganiferous soils, but Fe and Mn are strongly correlated (r = 0.89) (Bourgault and Rabenhorst, 2011).…”

Section: Electromagnetic Induction Surveysmentioning

confidence: 99%

Manganiferous Soils in Maryland: Regional Extent and Field‐Scale Electromagnetic Induction Survey

Bourgault

Rabenhorst

2012

Soil Science Soc of Amer J

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There are some unique soils in central Maryland with extremely high quantities of Mn and Fe oxides, up to 141 g kg−1 Mn and 169 g kg−1 Fe (extracted by dithionite–citrate–bicarbonate). Such high quantities of Mn oxides have pigmented the entire soil matrix black in subsoil horizons. Previously, little was known about the extent of these manganiferous soils in Maryland. Pedons were observed in transects across several fields containing manganiferous soils to better understand their spatial variability and possible relationship to landscape and geology. Manganiferous soils are heterogeneous; some pedons show modest to moderate Mn enrichment in the form of black nodules or coatings, while other pedons show extreme Mn enrichment in the form of black, loamy material up to 8.5 m deep. The soils seem to occur in relation to areas mapped as having marble bedrock in the geologic survey. The utility of electromagnetic induction (EMI) for delineating manganiferous soil units was tested for the first time. Apparent electrical conductivity (ECa) readings from the EM38DD EMI sensor had a significant empirical relationship to Mn content of the studied soils (R2 = 0.88), so maps generated from ECa data correspond reasonably well to observations made during transect work. Electromagnetic induction is therefore a useful tool for delineating manganiferous soils, which occurred in units of approximately 1 to 2 ha in each of the three fields observed.

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“…Because both subsurface apparent electric conductivity and magnetic susceptibility can be mathematically driven from their multi-frequency measurements, terrain conductivity meters provide the most efficient tools for archaeological site investigations [7][8][9][10]. Terrain conductivity meters can be used for detecting caves, voids, shafts, walls, ditches, and iron workings.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Archaeology and Geophysics: Invincible Couple

Rashed¹

2017

AAOA

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Today, there is almost no new archaeological discovery in which geophysical investigation tools do not play a key role. In fact, looking onto the past century, one could argue that geophysics, in a way, has rescued archaeology and revived it from its old-style techniques involving hard labor and timeconsuming digging and trenching. Today, thanks to geophysics, archaeology utilizes state-of the-art technologies, takes advantage of the most recent data management and processing techniques, and benefits from the latest image processing protocols. However, archaeology is not the only beneficiary from this successful coupling between archaeology and geophysics. Many of the advances in shallow and high-resolution geophysical techniques as well as data processing and interpretation capabilities can be indirectly attributed to the needs, demands and feedbacks of archaeologists. This successful exchange of benefits has resulted in a new scientific term that is commonly used nowadays; that is Archaeogeophysics or Archaeological Geophysics.

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Comparison between electromagnetic induction and fluxgate gradiometer measurements on the buried remains of a 17th century castle

Cited by 29 publications

References 13 publications

Spatial and Temporal Patterns of Apparent Electrical Conductivity: DUALEM vs. Veris Sensors for Monitoring Soil Properties

Spatial and Temporal Patterns of Apparent Electrical Conductivity: DUALEM vs. Veris Sensors for Monitoring Soil Properties

Manganiferous Soils in Maryland: Regional Extent and Field‐Scale Electromagnetic Induction Survey

Archaeology and Geophysics: Invincible Couple

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