Comparison Between Fones Method and Modified Bass Method of Toothbrushing for Children with Down Syndrome in West Java, Indonesia

Abstract

Background and Aim: Down syndrome (DS) is a delayed physical and mental development caused by an abnormality in chromosome 21, resulting in the presence of three chromosomes (trisomy 21). Several methods of toothbrushing, such as the Scrub, Bass, Charters, Fone's, Roll, and Stillman's methods have been introduced. The aim of this study was to evaluate oral hygiene levels after toothbrushing with the Fone's and the modified Bass methods in children with DS. Materials and Methods: This interventional study comprised 15 children (10 boys and 5 girls) aged 7-12 years (purposive sampling). Oral hygiene was assessed using the Simplified Oral Hygiene Index (OHI-S) method introduced by Greene and Vermillion. The results were analyzed using Student's t-test. Results: Oral hygiene indices were 2.96 and 1.57 before and after using the Fone's method, respectively (P=0.00), and 2.55 and 2.16 before and after using the modified Bass method, respectively (P=0.00). A significantly increased level of oral hygiene was noted with the Fone's method (1.39) when compared to the modified Bass method (0.39) of toothbrushing (P=0.00). Conclusion: Both the Fone's and the modified Bass methods of toothbrushing can improve the oral hygiene of children with DS, with the Fone's method appearing to be more effective than the modified Bass method.

Effectiveness in the Use of Soft and Medium Toothbrush Bristles With Fone’s Technique for Plaque Reduction

“…Fone's technique is a tooth brushing technique with a circular motion that is able to reach the gingiva and tooth surface at the same time because the movement is centered on the gingival gap and tooth surface. 22 The above results are in line with Faisal's research (2015) which states that there are significant mean differences in reduction of plaque index among children who brush their teeth with soft and medium bristled toothbrushes. 23 Supported more by the study of Aldiaman et al (2016), which states that fone's technique can increase in the oral hygiene index between before and after brushing teeth with fone's technique.…”

Overcoming Health Risk of Down Syndrome Child with Obesity: Systematic Review

“…DS was first recognized in 1866 by Dr. John Longdon Down because its special features as relative height short, head shrunk, and a flat nose resembling Mongolians. Disorders that also include in condition disabled since born as mental retardation, difference physique certain as shape little face flat and rising a number of risk on condition medical including disturbance hearing loss hyroid disorder channel digestibility, and visual damage ( Pramidi , Gartika , and Soewondo 2019). According to Nawawi, Gartika , and Soewondo (2018) children with DS other than experience mental and physical health disorders , also experience growth delayed teeth .…”