Comparison between Haemagglutination Inhibition and Complement Fixation Tests in Detecting Antibodies Responses Following Influenza Viral Infection

Al-zobaei, Muthana A.

doi:10.21608/eajbsg.2012.16658

Cited by 1 publication

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“…Symptoms similar to seasonal influenza are confusing, but some differentiating factors are fever above 104°F for more than 3 days, coughing, vomiting, dyspnea, severe dehydration, chest pain, headache, hypotension, nausea, and sore throat (PIB 2018 , Lim and Mahmood 2011 ). Currently, detection can be done with molecular and serological diagnostic methods, i.e., reverse transcription loop-mediated isothermal amplification (RT-LAMP), rapid influenza detection test (RIDT), enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), conventional PCR, and RT-PCR (WHO 2017 ; Sharma et al 2018 ; Al-zobaei 2012 ; Reber and Katz 2013 ; Pedersen, 2014 ). The severity of symptoms in patients augments with the due course of the disease, so timely detection is very important.…”

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confidence: 99%

Development of amperometric biosensor based on cloned hemagglutinin gene of H1N1 (swine flu) virus

et al. 2022

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The recent emergence of respiratory viruses especially COVID-19 and swine flu has underscored the need for robust and bedside detection methods. Swine flu virus is a very infectious virus of the respiratory system. Timely detection of this virus with high specificity and sensitivity is crucial for reducing morbidity as well as mortality. Cloning of gene segments into a non-infectious agent helps in the development of detection methods, vaccine development, and other studies. In this study, cloning was used to develop a biosensor for H1N1 pdm09 detection. A segment of the hemaglutinin gene was cloned in a vector and characterized with the help of colony touch PCR and blue–white screening. The recombinant plasmid was extracted, and the gene segment was confirmed with the help of HA-specific primers. A 5′ amine group-attached hemagglutinin (HA) gene-specific DNA probe was immobilized on the working gold electrode surface to make a quick, specific, reliable, and sensitive detection method for H1N1pdm09 virus in human nasal swab samples. The HA probe was immobilized on the cysteine applied gold electrode of the screen-printed electrode through 1-ethyl-3-(3-dimethyl aminopropyl) carbodiimide (EDC) and N -hydroxysuccinimide (NHS). Differential pulse voltammetry was performed with the help of methylene blue, which is a redox indicator for the detection of single-stranded cloned HA gene segment. The developed sensor depicted high sensitivity for the H1N1 influenza virus with a detection limit of 0.6 ng ssDNA/6 µl of the cloned HA sample. Specificity was also checked using H3N2 virus, N. meningitides , influenza A and positive H1N1pdm09 samples.

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