Comparison between men and women of volume regulating hormones and aquaporin-2 excretion following graded central hypovolemia

Goswami, Nandu; Reichmuth, Johannes; Mise, Annarita Di; Brix, Bianca; Roessler, Andreas; Centrone, Mariangela; Ranieri, Marianna; Russo, Annamaria; Santo, Natale G. De; Tamma, Grazia; Sasso, Ferdinando Carlo; Valenti, Giovanna

doi:10.1007/s00421-018-4053-2

Cited by 11 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 51 publications

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“…Therefore, we recommend in future studies the measurement of baseline galanin levels – in combination with other clinical tools (e.g., questionnaire, tilt-test or Schellong-test) – to confirm galanin’s ability to predict development of presyncope in subjects. Furthermore, as falls occur during changes in posture, especially in older persons (Goswami et al, 2018, 2019; Trozic et al, 2019), our data could have clinical relevance. Galanin and adrenomedullin could act as biomarkers for predicting which older persons can potentially develop orthostatic intolerance.…”

Section: Conclusion and Further Directionsmentioning

confidence: 81%

Galanin and Adrenomedullin Plasma Responses During Artificial Gravity on a Human Short-Arm Centrifuge

et al. 2019

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Galanin and adrenomedullin plasma responses to head-up tilt and lower body negative pressure have been studied previously. However, to what extent short-arm human centrifugation (SAHC) affects these responses is not known. In this study, we assessed how the application of variable gradients of accelerations (ΔGz) via shifting of the rotation axis during centrifugation affects selected hormonal responses. Specifically, we tested the hypothesis, that cardiovascular modulating hormones such as galanin and adrenomedullin will be higher in non-finishers (participants in whom at least one of the pre-defined criteria for presyncope was fulfilled) when compared to finishers (participants who completed the entire protocol in both sessions) during SAHC exposure. Twenty healthy subjects (10 women and 10 men) were exposed to two g-levels [1 Gz and 2.4 Gz at the feet (Gz_Feet)] in two positions (axis of rotation placed above the head and axis of rotation placed at the heart level). Elevated baseline levels of galanin appeared to predict orthostatic tolerance (p = 0.054) and seemed to support good orthostatic tolerance during 1 Gz_Feet SAHC (p = 0.034). In finishers, 2.4 Gz_Feet SAHC was associated with increased galanin levels after centrifugation (p = 0.007). For adrenomedullin, the hypothesized increases were observed after centrifugation at 1 Gz_Feet (p = 0.031), but not at 2.4 Gz_Feet, suggesting that other central mechanisms than local distribution of adrenomedullin predominate when coping with central hypovolemia induced by SAHC (p > 0.14). In conclusion, baseline galanin levels could potentially be used to predict development of presyncope in subjects. Furthermore, galanin levels increase during elevated levels of central hypovolemia and galanin responses appear to be important for coping with such challenges. Adrenomedullin release depends on degree of central hypovolemia induced fluid shifts and a subject’s ability to cope with such challenges. Our results suggest that the gradient of acceleration (ΔGz) is an innovative approach to quantify the grade of central hypovolemia and to assess neurohormonal responses in those that can tolerate (finishers) or not tolerate (non-finishers) artificial gravity (AG). As AG is being considered as a preventing tool for spaceflight induced deconditioning in future missions, understanding effects of AG on hormonal responses in subjects who develop presyncope is important.

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Section: Conclusion and Further Directionsmentioning

confidence: 81%

Galanin and Adrenomedullin Plasma Responses During Artificial Gravity on a Human Short-Arm Centrifuge

et al. 2019

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“…Recent studies have described an important role of sexual dimorphisms in kidney physiology and disease, including electrolyte handling (25,26), hypertensive kidney injury (27), acute kidney injury (28), and chronic kidney diseases (14). Water (29)(30)(31) and K þ (26) balances are both influenced by sex hormones, but a comparison of hypokalemia-induced DI in males and females is still missing.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Rapid development of vasopressin resistance in dietary K⁺ deficiency

Al‐Qusairi

Grimm

Zapf

et al. 2021

American Journal of Physiology-Renal Physiology

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The association between diabetes insipidus (DI) and chronic dietary potassium deprivation is well known but it remains uncertain how the disorder develops and whether it is influenced by the sexual dimorphism in potassium handling. Here, we determine the plasma potassium (PK) threshold for DI in male and female mice and ascertain if the DI is initiated by polydipsia, or a central or nephrogenic defect. C57BL6J mice were randomized to a control diet or to graded reductions in dietary K+ for 8 days, and kidney function and transporters involved in water balance were characterized. We found male and female mice develop polyuria and secondary polydipsia. Altered water balance coincides with a decrease in AQP2 phosphorylation and apical localization despite increased levels of the vasopressin surrogate marker, copeptin. No change in the protein abundance of the urea transporter, UT-A1, was observed. NKCC2 decreased only in males. DDAVP treatment failed to reverse water diuresis in K+-restricted mice. These findings indicate that even small fall in PK is associated with nephrogenic DI (NDI), coincident with the development of altered AQP2 regulation, implicating low PK as a causal trigger of NDI. We found PK decreased more in females, and consequently females were more prone to develop NDI. Together these data indicate that AQP2 regulation is disrupted by a small decrease in PK and the response is influenced by sexual dimorphism in potassium handling. These findings provide new insights into the mechanisms linking water and potassium balances, and support defining the disorder as "Potassium-Dependent NDI."

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“…We have previously shown [ 7 ] that, compared with females, males have a roughly 40% higher baseline AVP, measured as copeptin, a surrogate biomarker for plasma AVP. We observed a significant effect of seasonal rhythms on baseline AVP levels in both males and females.…”

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confidence: 99%

Seasonal rhythms of vasopressin release and aquaporin-2 excretion assure appropriate water conservation in humans

et al. 2021

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Comparison between men and women of volume regulating hormones and aquaporin-2 excretion following graded central hypovolemia

Cited by 11 publications

References 51 publications

Galanin and Adrenomedullin Plasma Responses During Artificial Gravity on a Human Short-Arm Centrifuge

Galanin and Adrenomedullin Plasma Responses During Artificial Gravity on a Human Short-Arm Centrifuge

Rapid development of vasopressin resistance in dietary K⁺ deficiency

Seasonal rhythms of vasopressin release and aquaporin-2 excretion assure appropriate water conservation in humans

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Comparison between men and women of volume regulating hormones and aquaporin-2 excretion following graded central hypovolemia

Cited by 11 publications

References 51 publications

Galanin and Adrenomedullin Plasma Responses During Artificial Gravity on a Human Short-Arm Centrifuge

Galanin and Adrenomedullin Plasma Responses During Artificial Gravity on a Human Short-Arm Centrifuge

Rapid development of vasopressin resistance in dietary K+ deficiency

Seasonal rhythms of vasopressin release and aquaporin-2 excretion assure appropriate water conservation in humans

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Rapid development of vasopressin resistance in dietary K⁺ deficiency