“…Many numerical investigations are found on HJs and energy dissipation using various numerical codes; however, Table 1 highlights a few of the most relevant studies dealing with HJs and energy dissipators. 1, some studies, e.g., [39,40,43,44,47,50,51,56], have focused HJs and their associated parameters such as velocity, free surface profile, sequent depths, roller lengths, and turbulent kinetics energy, whereas other researchers have investigated energy dissipation [41,45,46,48,[53][54][55] and scour [42,49] downstream of different hydraulic structures. However, except for the 1D Hydrologic Engineering Center River Analysis System (HEC-RAS) study on Taunsa barrage, the literature did not reveal any study that studied the effects of tailwater on the HJ and flow pattern in the barrage's basin.…”