Comparison between rubber–ice and sand–ice friction and the effect of loose snow contamination

Klein-Paste, Alex; Sinha, Nirmal K.

doi:10.1016/j.triboint.2009.12.037

Cited by 30 publications

(17 citation statements)

References 12 publications

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“…Although compact snow and ice can give relatively high friction at temperature well below 0°C, it can become more slippery when loose snow crystals are present (Gnörich and Grosch, 1974;Klein-Paste and Sinha, 2010a). Therefore, profile 3 is similar to profile 2, except that it does not upgrade the prediction at lower temperatures.…”

Section: Tablementioning

confidence: 95%

A decision support model to assess the braking performance on snow and ice contaminated runways

Klein-Paste

Bugge

Huseby

2015

Cold Regions Science and Technology

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Pilots need accurate predictions on the quality of runway surface conditions when operating on snow/ice contaminated runways. These predictions are typically made by friction measurements, or by expert judgments of runway inspectors. This study presents a decision support model (the IRIS runway model) for runway inspectors that interprets descriptive data from SNOWTAM reports and predicts the braking action on the common scale from 1 to 5, ranging from "poor" to "good". The model is tested on two airports in Norway during the winter seasons 2008/2009 to 2010/2011. Two other predictors of the braking action (assessments by runway inspectors and friction measurements) were also included. Analyses of 1261 friction-limited landings of commercial airplanes were used to compare predicted and measured braking actions. The IRIS runway model was found to be more conservative than the assessments of Norwegian runway inspectors, and even more conservative than friction measurements. In 86% of the landings, the IRIS runway model predicted the conditions within ±1 category of what the airplanes experienced, compared to 77% achieved by the runway inspectors. The predictions by the friction measurement devices were the least conservative and predicted the conditions within ±1 category in 61% of the landings. The model is now implemented in 15 airports in Norway.

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Section: Tablementioning

confidence: 95%

A decision support model to assess the braking performance on snow and ice contaminated runways

Klein-Paste

Bugge

Huseby

2015

Cold Regions Science and Technology

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“…The frictional behavior of ice has been studied in many contexts, such as in relation to cold-environment sports involving friction on sled runners 1 , skate blades 2 and curling rocks 3 , in the automotive industry concerning rubber tire performance on ice 4 , in shipping regarding friction on hulls of icebreaking ships 5 and other vessels in cold regions, in construction regarding the friction of moving ice on concrete 6 such as piers, bridges and other fixed river and marine structures, in the movement of glaciers 7 regarding ice-on-rock and ice-on-ice friction, and even in relation to extraterrestrial iceon-ice friction in tectonically active regions of the icy Saturnian moon Enceladus 8 .…”

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confidence: 99%

New friction mechanisms revealed by ice crushing-friction tests on high-roughness surfaces

Gagnon¹

2016

Cold Regions Science and Technology

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Vous avez des questions? Nous pouvons vous aider. Pour communiquer directement avec un auteur, consultez la première page de la revue dans laquelle son article a été publié afin de trouver ses coordonnées. Si vous n'arrivez pas à les repérer, communiquez avec nous à PublicationsArchive-ArchivesPublications@nrc-cnrc.gc.ca. Questions? Contact the NRC Publications Archive team atPublicationsArchive-ArchivesPublications@nrc-cnrc.gc.ca. If you wish to email the authors directly, please see the first page of the publication for their contact information. NRC Publications Archive Archives des publications du CNRCThis publication could be one of several versions: author's original, accepted manuscript or the publisher's version. / La version de cette publication peut être l'une des suivantes : la version prépublication de l'auteur, la version acceptée du manuscrit ou la version de l'éditeur. For the publisher's version, please access the DOI link below./ Pour consulter la version de l'éditeur, utilisez le lien DOI ci-dessous.http://doi.org/10.1016/j.coldregions.2016.08.002Access and use of this website and the material on it are subject to the Terms and Conditions set forth at New friction mechanisms revealed by ice crushing-friction tests on high-roughness surfaces Gagnon, Robert E. were extraordinarily low and were proportional to the ratio of the tangential sliding rate and the normal crushing rate. The behaviors are explained by the melting and erosive action of a thin squeeze-film slurry layer of ice particles and liquid between the intact ice and the surfaces, the very low friction on flat surfaces attributable to the squeezefilm slurry layer, and the flow of the slurry through channels that developed between leeward-facing facets of the prominences and the moving ice.

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“…The coecients of static friction encountered in typical walking scenarios can vary widely. For instance, rubber on dry asphalt has a µ s above 0.5 and rubber on ice can drop µ s as low as 0.02 when temperature is near 0 [36] or when only a thin layer of snow is present on the contact area [37]. Depending on the application, providing such a low µ s may be the goal, for instance when studying slipinduced falls.…”

Section: Variable-friction Walking Devicesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Design of Variable-friction devices for shoe-floor contact

et al. 2017

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In rehabilitation training, high-delity simulation environments are needed for reproducing the eects of slippery surfaces, in which potential balance failure conditions can be reproduced on demand. Motivated by these requirements, this article considers the design of variable-friction devices for use in the context of human walking on surfaces in which the coecient of friction can be controlled dynamically. Various designs are described, aiming at rendering low-friction shoe-oor contact, associated with slippery surfaces such as ice, as well as higher-friction values more typical of surfaces such as pebbles, sand, or snow. These designs include an array of omnidirectional rolling elements, a combination of lowand high-friction coverings whose contact pressure distribution is controlled, and modulation of low-frequency vibration normal to the surface. Our experimentation investigated the static coecient of friction attainable with each of these designs. Rolling elements were found to be the most slippery, providing a coecient of friction as low as 0.03, but with signicant drawbacks from the perspective of our design objectives. A controlled pressure distribution of lowand high-friction coverings allowed for a minimum coecient of friction of 0.06. The eects of vibration amplitude and frequency on sliding velocity were also explored. Increases in amplitude resulted in higher velocities, but vibration frequencies greater than 25 Hz reduced sliding velocities. To meet our design objectives, a novel approach involving a friction-variation mechanism, embedded in a shoe sole, is proposed.

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Comparison between rubber–ice and sand–ice friction and the effect of loose snow contamination

Cited by 30 publications

References 12 publications

A decision support model to assess the braking performance on snow and ice contaminated runways

A decision support model to assess the braking performance on snow and ice contaminated runways

New friction mechanisms revealed by ice crushing-friction tests on high-roughness surfaces

Design of Variable-friction devices for shoe-floor contact

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