Comparison Between the Amount of Penicillin G Residue in Raw and Pasteurized Milk in Iran

Abstract

Background: There is a worldwide concern about the life quality, in this way, one of the most important requirements is safe and nutritious foodconsumption. The administration of antibiotics to cattle in order to treat several infectious diseases has contributed to the contamination of industrialized dairy farms. Objectives: Milk antibiotic contamination is an important problem worldwide, and the quality control of milk samples is essential. Therefore, the aim of this study was to monitor antibiotic contamination in milk samples. Materials and Methods: Samples were collected from six different farms and milk factories in Iran, and were tested by beta-star and cylinder-plate methods. Results: Among 992 raw milk samples, 236 positive samples, 9 suspected and 747 negative samples in respond to beta-star test and among 236 samples, which had positive responses to beta-star test, 28 positive, 0 suspected and 208 negative results of cylinder-plate test were gained. Among 652 pasteurized milk samples, 67 positive, 9 suspected and 576 negative beta-star test results and among 67 samples which had positive responses to beta-star test, 1 positive, 0 suspected and 66 negative results to cylinder-plate test were achieved. Conclusions:The results revealed that cylinder-plate method accompanied with beta-star test can be considered as an appropriate sensitive and selective method for the milk and dairy products quality control. According to the results, it look as if the process of pasteurization reduces the amount of penicillin G in milk samples considerably.

Seasonal variations in some quality parameters of milk produced in Khorasan Razavi Province, Iran

“…By using a qualitative kit assay, Moghadam et al (2016) observed that 38.5% of cow's raw milk samples collected from collection centers in Gonabad city located at the south of the Iranian Khorasan Razavi Province tested positive for antibiotics residues. Our results are different from those reported by Ghanavi et al (2013), who reported nearly 11% of cow's milk samples from different Iranian unsatisfactory sanitary conditions. This is illustrated by the fact that the majority of cow's milk producers in the Province of Korazan Razavi transport and deliver the raw milk to collective central in small containers, which are not submitted to sanitizyn procedures but only rinsed with water.…”

“…In the early 1960's, over 6% of the raw milk marketed in the United States were contaminated with antibiotic residues, although recent surveys indicated that the contamination percentage in the country decreased to 3.7% (Grunwald & Petz, 2003). Previous studies conducted in Iran indicated that antibiotic residues have been occasionally detected in raw cow's milk (Ghanavi et al, 2013;Moghadam et al, 2016).…”

Beta lactam antibiotics residues in cow's milk: comparison of efficacy of three screening tests used in Bosnia and Herzegovina

“…Before testing we did not apply any procedure for the inactivation of theses inhibitors neither is this recommended by the test manufacturer or applied by test users in B&H. However in 1963 in study by Kosikowski and O'Leary [10] positive results of the inhibition tests were explained by natural inhibitors in the milk, since after heating milk at 82 °C for 5 minutes with aim to inactivate natural inhibitors, only 1 sample remained positive out of 11 samples without residues that were positive in initial testing by inhibition test. Other research on residue free milk samples with positive inhibition test results confirmed this finding [11][12][13][14]. Additionally, the Inhibition MRL test in testing standardized penicillin concentrations (without inhibitors) gave negative results for all samples with concentrations bellow level of detection.…”

“…In another research 87,5% of milk samples taken first day after the withholding period tested gave positive results on LacTek and Charm test due to the natural inhibitors and not due to the contained antibiotic residues [15]. Many studies show relatively high proportion of the positive results on the screening residue test after the withholding period [9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16]. Factors relevant to the individual animal and most commonly associated with residues in milk over the set MRL after the withholding period are: simultaneous treatment with different drugs and different application methods [15], constantly high somatic cells count, amount of milk produced, adjuvants of the applied drug [16], too long and excessive use of antibiotics [17].…”

βeta-lactam and Tetracycline Antibiotic Residues in Cow Milk in the Constantine region, Algeria

“…In Iran, the prevalence of β-lactam residues in 150 individual cow raw samples and 150 pasteurized milk samples using the βeta-star test showed that 5.33% and 2.66% of samples were positive, respectively (Movassagh and Karam, 2011a,b). Also in Iran, Ghanavi et al (2013) 2018) used the Charm βeta-lactam tetracycline Combo Test and found that 2.42% and 1.82% of 165 raw cow milk samples were positive for β-lactam and tetracycline residues, respectively. In Nigeria, antibiotics residues were detected in 40.8% of fresh milk samples (Olatoye et al, 2016).…”