Comparison between the efficiencies of surface and pressurized irrigation systems in Jordan

Battikhi, A. M.; Abu-Hammad, Abdalla

doi:10.1007/bf00881179

Cited by 24 publications

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“…A typical rate of delivery to irrigated crops on the ESRPA is 1 m over the irrigation season. Assuming 30% conveyance loss (Battikhi and Abu-Hammad, 1994;Venn et al, 2004), the recharge incidental to conveyance for the 100 km 2 area is 30 Mm 3 ⁄ year or an average of about 1 m 3 ⁄ s. Time lags are on the order of a few decades or less for all three durations, and maximum discharge exceeds 0.2 m 3 ⁄ s for the 50 and 100 year durations, regardless of recharge location (Figure 8). Maximum discharge for the 10 year duration exceeds 0.1 m 3 ⁄ s when the recharge source is closer than about 130 km to the discharge point.…”

Section: Three Specific Types Of Rechargementioning

confidence: 99%

“…To calculate the recharge input function f(s) to Equation (12), we assumed that recharge incidental to irrigation was proportional to diversion into Northside Canal. We assumed that this recharge was 50% of total diversion under areas irrigated by flooding or other gravity application methods and 30% under areas irrigated by sprinklers (Battikhi and Abu-Hammad, 1994;Venn et al, 2004). Furthermore, we assumed that these seepage rates were constant across and within irrigation seasons.…”

Section: Calculation Of Recharge Functionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A typical rate of delivery to irrigated crops on the ESRPA is 1 m over the irrigation season. Assuming 30% conveyance loss (Battikhi and Abu‐Hammad, 1994; Venn et al. , 2004), the recharge incidental to conveyance for the 100 km 2 area is 30 Mm 3 /year or an average of about 1 m 3 /s.…”

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confidence: 99%

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Analytical Solutions to the Linearized Boussinesq Equation for Assessing the Effects of Recharge on Aquifer Discharge¹

Boggs

Kirk

Johnson

et al. 2010

J American Water Resour Assoc

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Boggs, Kevin G., Robert W. Van Kirk, Gary S. Johnson, Jerry P. Fairley, and P. Steve Porter, 2010. Analytical Solutions to the Linearized Boussinesq Equation for Assessing the Effects of Recharge on Aquifer Discharge. Journal of the American Water Resources Association (JAWRA) 46(6):1116–1132. DOI: 10.1111/j.1752‐1688.2010.00479.x Abstract: There is a need to develop a general understanding of how variations in aquifer recharge are reflected in discharge. Analytical solutions to the linearized Boussinesq equation governing flow in an unconfined aquifer provide a unified mathematical framework to quantify relationships among lag time, attenuation and distance between aquifer recharge and discharge and the effect of an up‐gradient no‐flow boundary. We applied this framework to three types of recharge: (1) instantaneous, (2) periodic, and (3) constant rate for a finite duration. When the temporal scale of recharge exceeds the diffusive aquifer time scale, recharge will be reflected in discharge quickly and with little attenuation. When aquifer time scale is large, most recharge events are shorter in scale than that of the aquifer, resulting in large attenuation. Attenuation is more sensitive to boundary effects than lag time, and boundary effects increase as recharge time scale increases. Boundary effects can often be ignored when the recharge source is farther than 1/3 of the domain length away from the no‐flow boundary. We illustrate analytical results with application to the economically critical Eastern Snake River Plain Aquifer in Idaho. In this aquifer, detectable annual and decadal cycles in discharge can result from recharge no farther than 20 and 60 km away from the discharge point, respectively. The effects of more distant, long‐term recharge can be detected only after a time lag of several decades.

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Section: Three Specific Types Of Rechargementioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Calculation Of Recharge Functionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Analytical Solutions to the Linearized Boussinesq Equation for Assessing the Effects of Recharge on Aquifer Discharge¹

Boggs

Kirk

Johnson

et al. 2010

J American Water Resour Assoc

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“…Bucks et al (1982) have reported that on-farm irrigation efficiency for trickle irrigation can theoretically approach 90% to 95%. Battikhi and Abu-Hammad (1994) reported that application efficiency was 82% and 64% for surface irrigation on citrus and vegetables respectively in Jordan valley project. The application efficiency was 88% for citrus under sprinkler irrigation and 91% for vegetable under drip irrigation.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Feasibility Evaluation of Pressurized Irrigation in Canal Commands

Srivastava

Mohanty

Singandhuppe

et al. 2010

Water Resour Manage

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India has one of the largest and most ambitious irrigation programme in the world with net irrigated area exceeding 47 million hectares. However, the overall project efficiency from the headwork to the farmer's field has been quite low which leads to not only poor utilization of irrigation potential created at huge cost, but also aggravates the degradation of soil and water resources and thereby endangers the sustainability of agricultural production system. As the cost of creating additional irrigation potential in terms of financial, human and environmental aspects has increased tremendously, need of the hour is to increase the irrigation efficiency of existing projects and use saved water for irrigating new areas or meeting the demand of non-agricultural sector. The contribution of application efficiency to poor irrigation efficiency is quite high and therefore increasing application efficiency by a shift in application method from surface to pressurized system has potential of vastly improving irrigation efficiency. To evaluate feasibility of this concept, a pilot study was initiated at Water Technology Centre for Eastern Region, Bhubaneswar, on one outlet of a minor irrigation command. The system has been designed in such a way that it provides pipe conveyance and surface irrigation for rice cultivation during monsoon season and pressurized irrigation during post monsoon period through a hybrid system of sprinkler and drip with four outlets for sprinkler irrigating 2.8 ha area and two outlets for drip irrigating 1.9 ha area. The system is also capable of providing irrigation through drip to part of a command during summer for third crop using water stored in service reservoir after the canal is closed in first week of April. To take care of sediment in the canal water, there are three stages of filtration: first by hydrocyclone filter which filters heavy suspended materials viz. sand, silt, etc., then by the sand filter and finally by the screen filter. The filtration at three stages reduces 3018 R.C. Srivastava et al. the turbidity to the desired level. It has been found that three-stage filtration reduced the turbidity to two NTU which is within permissible limit. Considering the cost of water saved, a benefit-cost ratio of the system was found out to be 1.126. This B: C ratio can be further increased by increasing the productivity of the fish and papaya in service reservoir area and better crop management during summer season.

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“…Previous studies indicate that an on‐farm irrigation efficiency of 90‐95% could be achieved using drip irrigation (Bucks et al ., ). Under the Jordan Valley Project, Battikhi and Abu‐Hammad () recorded water application efficiency of 91% and 64% in drip and surface irrigation, respectively for vegetables. Surface irrigation resulted in a water application efficiency close to 50% and a pressurized system attained 90% in North‐eastern Spain (Dechmi et al ., ; Lecina et al ., ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Techno‐economic Evaluation of Integrating Canal Water Harvesting and Drip Irrigation for Pomegranate Production in a Dry Eco‐region

Kumar

Singh

Asrey

et al. 2012

Irrigation and Drainage

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Water management plays an important role in sustainable and quality production of pomegranate. The present study envisaged the scope for water resource development and its utilization through a drip system in a canal irrigated dry eco-region where water is a limited resource. Canal water harvested in a secondary reservoir and re-used by a drip system in a pomegranate orchard to enhance quality and productivity. Results showed better soil moisture availability under a drip irrigation regime compared to existing surface irrigation practices. Drip irrigation saved 32% water and resulted in a 10.9% reduction in fruit cracking, resulting in a higher marketable yield and water productivity compared to surface irrigation. Drip irrigated trees produced larger size arils and resulted in higher juice recovery compared to surface irrigated fruit. Better quality and productivity resulted in higher economic benefits under the drip system. Net present value of additional income was INR 139,000 for the drip system. Results showed the potential of integrating a drip system and canal water harvested for enhancing quality and productivity of pomegranate growth in a dry eco-region. RÉSUMÉLa gestion de l'eau joue un rôle important dans la production durable et de qualité de la grenade. La présente étude envisage les possibilités de développement et d'utilisation des ressources en eau par le système goutte à goutte dans le cas d'une alimentation par un canal d'irrigation en région aride ou la ressource en eau est limitée. L'eau du canal est stockée dans un réservoir secondaire puis ré-acheminée vers le système goutte à goutte pour améliorer la qualité et la productivité des grenadiers. Les résultats ont montré une meilleure disponibilité de l'eau du sol sous le régime de l'irrigation goutte à goutte par rapport à la pratique d'irrigation de surface existante. L'irrigation au goutte à goutte économise 32% de l'eau alors que le nombre de fruits fissurés est diminué de 10,9 %, avec pour conséquence un rendement commercialisable et une productivité de l'eau accrus. Les arbres en goutte à goutte ont produit des arilles de plus grande taille et obtenu des rendements en jus supérieurs à ceux des arbres conduits en irrigation de surface. La meilleure qualité et la productivité accrues ont entraîné une augmentation des avantages économiques du système goutte à goutte. La valeur actuelle nette a été augmentée de 139 000 Roupies indiennes (N.D.L.T.: env. 2100 € en 2001) pour le système de goutte à goutte. Les résultats ont montré le potentiel de l'intégration du système de goutte à goutte dans un système d'irrigation conçu initialement en gravitaire pour améliorer la qualité et la productivité de grenadiers.

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Comparison between the efficiencies of surface and pressurized irrigation systems in Jordan

Cited by 24 publications

References 0 publications

Analytical Solutions to the Linearized Boussinesq Equation for Assessing the Effects of Recharge on Aquifer Discharge¹

Analytical Solutions to the Linearized Boussinesq Equation for Assessing the Effects of Recharge on Aquifer Discharge¹

Feasibility Evaluation of Pressurized Irrigation in Canal Commands

Techno‐economic Evaluation of Integrating Canal Water Harvesting and Drip Irrigation for Pomegranate Production in a Dry Eco‐region

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Comparison between the efficiencies of surface and pressurized irrigation systems in Jordan

Cited by 24 publications

References 0 publications

Analytical Solutions to the Linearized Boussinesq Equation for Assessing the Effects of Recharge on Aquifer Discharge1

Analytical Solutions to the Linearized Boussinesq Equation for Assessing the Effects of Recharge on Aquifer Discharge1

Feasibility Evaluation of Pressurized Irrigation in Canal Commands

Techno‐economic Evaluation of Integrating Canal Water Harvesting and Drip Irrigation for Pomegranate Production in a Dry Eco‐region

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Analytical Solutions to the Linearized Boussinesq Equation for Assessing the Effects of Recharge on Aquifer Discharge¹

Analytical Solutions to the Linearized Boussinesq Equation for Assessing the Effects of Recharge on Aquifer Discharge¹