Comparison between ultrafiltration and trichloroacetic acid precipitation method for concentration of Staphylococcus aureus enterotoxin in dairy samples

Soejima, Takashi; Nagao, Eiji; Kubota, Tomoko; Yamagata, Hisashi; Kagi, Hiroaki

doi:10.1016/j.ijfoodmicro.2003.11.005

Cited by 10 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 27 publications

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“…Soejima et al (17) examined pretreatment for SEs in several dairy samples using a centrifugal ultrafiltration method and a trichloroacetic precipitation method for the VIDAS assay. However, the recoveries of SEA in the dairy products and raw milk were low or could not be calculated reliably (17). Therefore, we developed a new treatment for raw milk samples in this study.…”

Section: Time (Hour) Time (Hour)mentioning

confidence: 96%

Production of Staphylococcus aureus Enterotoxin A in Raw Milk at High Temperatures

Sabike¹,

Fujikawa²,

Sakha³

et al. 2014

Journal of Food Protection

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Improper processing and storage of raw milk contaminated with Staphylococcus aureus at elevated temperatures can result in the production of staphylococcal enterotoxins, especially type A (SEA), which is most frequently associated with food poisoning outbreaks such as the large one in Osaka, Japan, in 2000. In this study, the characteristics of S. aureus growth and SEA production at various high temperatures in raw milk samples were studied using two raw milk samples naturally containing low and high levels of natural microflora. The optimal temperatures found for SEA production in the two milk types were as high as 40 and 44°C (range, 36 to 48°C), and SEA production was dependent on the initial dose of S. aureus. These high temperatures were close to that of the outbreak in Japan. Thus, it was concluded that temperature was critical for SEA production in raw milk. It was also observed that natural microflora in the milk samples considerably suppressed SEA production but not staphylococcal growth. On the other hand, the amount of toxin in most milk samples decreased after peaking during storage.

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Section: Time (Hour) Time (Hour)mentioning

confidence: 96%

Production of Staphylococcus aureus Enterotoxin A in Raw Milk at High Temperatures

Sabike¹,

Fujikawa²,

Sakha³

et al. 2014

Journal of Food Protection

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“…Among them, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) is one of the most commonly used method because of its rapid and sensitivity [13]. This technique is now commercially available in kits such as RIDASCREEN, VIDAS, and TECRA [14]. Monoclonal antibodies used in commercial ELISA kits for detecting SEs are mainly prepared by hybridomas technique and immunized with a single antigen of SEs, and it can only detect related enterotoxin [15,16].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Production of a Monoclonal Antibody by Simultaneous Immunization of Staphylococcal Enterotoxin A and B

Liang

Zhang

Liu

et al. 2011

Appl Biochem Biotechnol

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In this paper, a method of simultaneous immunizing BALB/c mice with staphylococcal enterotoxin (SE) A and B (SEA and SEB) to prepare a monoclonal antibody (3F2) for detecting both of SEA and SEB was developed. The results showed that antibody 3F2 had high titers against both SEA and SEB by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). The sensitivities of 3F2 to SEA and SEB detected by ELISA were 133.2 and 82.5 ng/mL, respectively, and the detection limits for the two enterotoxins were about 1 ng/mL. The antibody 3F2 had high specificities and affinities to both SEA and SEB, and had no cross-reaction with SEC(1), bovine serum albumin, and ovalbumin. SEs-free skimmed milk samples were spiked with different concentrations of SEA, SEB, or both of them, respectively. Average recoveries of SEA and SEB from the spiked samples were all nearly between 82% and 104%. The result suggested that one cell fusion with simultaneous immunization by multiple antigen to prepare monoclonal antibody against them was possible, simple, and economic. The monoclonal antibody could be used in simultaneous detecting multifarious SEs.

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“…Staphylococcus aureus is also an important microorganism of bovine, ovine and caprine mastitis [5]. Staphylococcal enterotoxins, especially staphylococcal enterotoxin C, in S. aureus have been isolated from the dairy products of infected animals, which could cause problems in public health and food safety [6,7]. The staphylococcal enterotoxins are 26–30 kDa proteins, and are classified into different toxin serotypes (SEA, SEB, SEC, SED, SEE, SEG, SEH, SEI, and SEJ, etc.)…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Staphylococcal enterotoxin C1‐induced pyrogenic cytokine production in human peripheral blood mononuclear cells is mediated by NADPH oxidase and nuclear factor‐kappa B

Cheng

Lin

et al. 2007

The FEBS Journal

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Staphylococcus aureus is a major food-borne pathogen which produces a number of toxins and virulence factors [1]. The staphylococcal enterotoxins produced by S. aureus are known to cause staphylococcal food poisoning, fever, and toxic shock syndrome, and also act as immunosuppressors and affect cytokine The staphylococcal enterotoxins produced by Staphylococcus aureus are associated with pyrogenic response in humans and primates. This study investigates the role of NADPH oxidase and nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-jB) on enterotoxin staphylococcal enterotoxin C1 (SEC1)-induced pyrogenic cytokine production in human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC). The results indicate that the febrile response to the supernatant fluids of SEC1-stimulated PBMC in rabbits was in parallel with the levels of interleukin-1b and interleukin-6 in the supernatants. The release of interleukin-1b and interleukin-6, nuclear translocation of NF-jB and its DNA binding activity in the SEC1-stimulated PBMC were time-dependent and were completely eliminated by pyrrolidine dithiocarbamate or SN-50 (NF-jB inhibitors). The release of reactive oxygen species in the supernatants and translocation of the NADPH oxidase p47 phox subunit to the plasma membrane of SEC1-stimulated PBMC were time-dependent. Administration of apocynin (NADPH oxidase inhibitor) attenuated the febrile response to the supernatants in rabbits and decreased the translocation of NADPH oxidase p47 phox subunit and NF-jB activity in the SEC1-stimulated PBMC, and suppressed reactive oxygen species and pyrogenic cytokine production in the supernatants. Taken together, SEC1 may act through an NADPH oxidase mechanism to release reactive oxygen species, which activate NF-jB in PBMC to stimulate the synthesis of pyrogenic cytokines that trigger a fever response in rabbits.Abbreviations Apo, apocynin; EMSA, electrophoretic mobility shift assay; ETYA, 5,8,11,14-eicosatetraynoic acid; FLAP, 5-LOX-activating protein; HBSS, Hanks' balanced salt solution; HIMO, 1L-6-hydroxymethyl-chiro-inositol-2(R)-2-O-methyl-3-O-octadecylcarbonate; IL, interleukin; 5-LOX, 5-lipoxygenase; MK 886, 3-[1-(p-chlorobenzyl)-5-(isopropyl)-3-t-butylthioindol-2-yl]-2,2-dimethylpropanoic acid; NF-jB, nuclear factor-kappa B; PBMC, human peripheral blood mononuclear cells; PDTC, pyrrolidine dithiocarbamate; PI3K, phosphatidylinositol-3-kinase; ROS, reactive oxygen species; SEs, staphylococcal enterotoxins; SEC1, staphylococcal enterotoxin C1; SP, supernatant fluids of SEC1-stimulated PBMC; TSST-1, toxic shock syndrome toxin-1; Wort, wortmannin.

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Comparison between ultrafiltration and trichloroacetic acid precipitation method for concentration of Staphylococcus aureus enterotoxin in dairy samples

Cited by 10 publications

References 27 publications

Production of Staphylococcus aureus Enterotoxin A in Raw Milk at High Temperatures

Production of Staphylococcus aureus Enterotoxin A in Raw Milk at High Temperatures

Production of a Monoclonal Antibody by Simultaneous Immunization of Staphylococcal Enterotoxin A and B

Staphylococcal enterotoxin C1‐induced pyrogenic cytokine production in human peripheral blood mononuclear cells is mediated by NADPH oxidase and nuclear factor‐kappa B

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