Comparison in disease development and gas exchange rate of Pinus densiflora seedlings artificially inoculated with Bursaphelenchus xylophilus and B. mucronatus

Woo, Kwan-Soo; Yoon, Jun Hyuck; Woo, Su Young; Lee, Seong Han; Han, Sang Urk; Han, Hee-Jeong; Baek, Saeng Geul; Kim, Chang Soo

doi:10.1080/21580103.2010.9671978

Cited by 8 publications

(14 citation statements)

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“…; Woo et al . ). There are some differences among the pathogenicity results of these studies because of differences in tree species, age of tested host plants, climatic conditions, and inoculation techniques (Akbulut et al .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 97%

“…In Korea B. mucronatus has been reported to exist on pine trees (Choi & Moon 1989;Lee et al 1990). Because of morphological and biological similarities between B. mucronatus and B. xylophilus, scientists are interested in studying the pathogenicity of B. mucronatus (Liu et al 2010;Woo et al 2010). There are some differences among the pathogenicity results of these studies because of differences in tree species, age of tested host plants, climatic conditions, and inoculation techniques (Akbulut et al 2007).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Occurrence of Bursaphelenchus mucronatus (Nematoda: Aphelenchoididae) and the microhabitat distribution of fungi in declining pine trees in a locale in Korea

Kim

et al. 2014

Entomological Research

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A total of 33 pine trees with symptoms of decline were collected in Jeonnam Province, South Korea, and were examined for the presence of nematodes. About 20% of the trees sampled were positive with Bursaphelenchus species. All Bursaphelenchus species were found in recently dead or dying trees. Based on morphological observations, the nematode extracted from the declining pine trees was identified as B. mucronatus. The highly pathogenic pine wood nematode B. xylophilus was not found in any pine trees sampled. B. mucronatus was easily reared on fungus Botrytis cinerea. Twenty one fungal isolates were isolated from dead trees, fallen twigs, and healthy pine trees. The fungal isolates belonged to Trichoderma genus and were dominant in the wood of partially declining pines. The blue-stain fungi transmitted by the Monochamus beetle were not detected. The B. mucronatus population decreased markedly on Auxarthron reticulatum DY-2 isolated from soils. The number of nematodes also reduced on Verticillium saksenae A-1, a nematophagous fungus, and Beauveria bassiana, an entomopathogenic fungus. This observation suggested the fungal production of nematicidal activity against B. mucronatus. When the fungal culture filtrates were also used for nematicidal activity on B. mucronatus, the culture filtrates of A-1, DY-2 and B. bassiana showed over 50% mortality within 48 h exposure. The fungi BC4, BC5 and BC6 isolated from declining pine trees inhibited the reproduction of B. mucronatus, and their culture filtrates also expressed nematicidal activity, indicating a possible interaction between the fungi in pine trees and nematodes at microhabitat level.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Occurrence of Bursaphelenchus mucronatus (Nematoda: Aphelenchoididae) and the microhabitat distribution of fungi in declining pine trees in a locale in Korea

Kim

et al. 2014

Entomological Research

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“…Since 2007, extensive efforts to control pine wilt disease have resulted in the reduction of the damaged area, although there still remain many pine trees affected by this disease ( Choi et al, 2012 ). B. xylophilus , the pathogenic pine wood nematode associated with pine wilt disease, has a high virulence that results in 90% to 100% mortality of pine seedlings ( Choi and Moon, 1989 ; Woo et al, 2010 ; Yoon et al, 2008 ). A closely related species, B. mucronatus Mamiya and Enda, which was initially sighted in 1989 in Jeju Island, South Korea ( Choi and Moon, 1989 ), was classified as being nonpathogenic to pine seedlings based on experimental testing ( Woo et al, 2010 ).…”

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confidence: 99%

Migrations and Multiplications of Bursaphelenchus xylophilus and B. mucronatus in Pinus thumbergii in Relation to Their Pathogenicity

Son

Moon

2013

The Plant Pathology Journal

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To evaluate the mechanisms of pathogenicity and non-pathogenicity of Bursaphelenchus xylophilus and B. mucronatus isolated in South Korea, we used 4-year-old P. thunbergii seedlings and 20-cm long one-year-old stem cuttings of 5-year-old Pinus thunbergii, and studied distributions and multiplications of pine wood nematodes after inoculation. The distributions of B. xylophilus in the 20-cm pine stem cuttings were not significantly different from that of B. mucronatus. Conversely, the proliferation rate of B. xylophilus on mycelial mats of Botrytis cinerea was significantly different from that of B. mucronatus. The study using 4-year-old P. thunbergii seedlings also showed that B. mucronatus can migrate to distal portions of the pine seedlings the same as B. xylophilus, but the populations of B. xylophilus remaining in the pine seedlings were relatively larger than those of B. mucronatus. Therefore, we concluded that the pathogenicity of B. xylophilus could be strongly influenced by its ability to multiply.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…To better understand the host reaction to the development of pine wilt disease, measurements of the changes in physiology and photosynthetic characteristics of the host are important (Zhao et al, 2008). Previous studies have demonstrated that the host's resistance mechanism to the B. xylophilus is a change in photosynthesis (Fukuda, 1997;Melakeberhan, Toivonen, Vidaver, Webster, & Dube, 1991;Woo et al, 2010) Foliar carbon isotope ratio (δ 13 C) is an important indicator of physiological responses and can reflect the overall trade-offs between carbon gain and water loss for plants (Querejeta, Barea, Allen, & Antonio, 2003;Walia, Guy, & White, 2010). Previous studies have confirmed that the foliar δ 13 C was highly correlated with intrinsic water-use efficiency in C 3 plants (Farquhar, Ehleringer, & Hubick, 1989;Meinzer, Woodruff, & Shaw, 2004;Querejeta et al, 2003;Walia et al, 2010).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of Bursaphelenchus xylophilus infection on leaf photosynthetic characteristics and resource‐use efficiency of Pinus massoniana

Gao

Wang

Shi

et al. 2017

Ecology and Evolution

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Pine wilt disease (PWD) is considered as the most destructive forest‐invasive alien species in China. We measured gas exchange parameters and foliar carbon isotope ratios (δ13C) of different infection phases of Masson pine in order to investigate the effect of Bursaphelenchus xylophilus infection on photosynthetic responses and resource‐use efficiency. The results showed that net photosynthetic rate (P n), transpiration rate (T), stomatal conductance (g s), and internal CO 2 concentrations (C i) decreased in the infested trees at photosynthetic photon flux density (PPFD) levels from 0 to 2,000 μmol m−2 s−1 compared with controls. The maximum net photosynthetic rate (P max) was significantly declined in the infected trees than in controls (p < .05). There also exist significant differences in dark respiration rate (R d) among different infection phases (p < .05), but the value is highest in the middle infection phase, followed by the control and then the terminal infection phase. This indicates that Pinus massoniana plants need to consume more photosynthetic products during the middle infection phase in order to defend against pine sawyer beetle feeding and PWD infection. Isotopic analysis revealed a significant decrease of the foliar δ13C (p < .05), as much as 2.5‰ lower in the infected trees. The mean leaf N content was about 12.94% less in the middle infection phase and 27.06% less in the terminal infection phase, causing a significant increase of the foliar C:N ratio in infested trees. Both of the net photosynthetic rates and foliar δ13C were linearly correlated with the foliar N content. We also found a significant decrease (p < .05) of resource‐use efficiency in PWD‐induced P. massoniana plants, which can be attributed to the closure of stomatal pores and the inactivation or loss of both Rubisco and other key Calvin cycle enzymes. This study highlights the impact of photosynthetic characteristics, foliar carbon isotope ratios, and resource‐use efficiency of PWD‐induced trees, which can help identify PWD infestations at the photosynthetic and physiological levels so as to better facilitate management actions.

show abstract

Comparison in disease development and gas exchange rate of Pinus densiflora seedlings artificially inoculated with Bursaphelenchus xylophilus and B. mucronatus

Cited by 8 publications

References 14 publications

Occurrence of Bursaphelenchus mucronatus (Nematoda: Aphelenchoididae) and the microhabitat distribution of fungi in declining pine trees in a locale in Korea

Occurrence of Bursaphelenchus mucronatus (Nematoda: Aphelenchoididae) and the microhabitat distribution of fungi in declining pine trees in a locale in Korea

Migrations and Multiplications of Bursaphelenchus xylophilus and B. mucronatus in Pinus thumbergii in Relation to Their Pathogenicity

Effect of Bursaphelenchus xylophilus infection on leaf photosynthetic characteristics and resource‐use efficiency of Pinus massoniana

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