Comparison of 1,5-Anhydroglucitol, HbA1c, and Fructosamine for Detection of Diabetes Mellitus

Yamanouchi, Toshikazu; Akanuma, Yasuo; Toyota, Takayoshi; Kuzuya, Takeshi; Kawai, Tadashi; Kawazu, Syouji; Yoshioka, Shoichi; Kanazawa, Yasunori; Ohta, Meisei; Baba, Shigeaki; Kosaka, Kinori

doi:10.2337/diab.40.1.52

Cited by 67 publications

(36 citation statements)

References 0 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…Different values have been reported for blood 1–5 AG concentrations in T2DM patients depending on the racial/ethnic groups, being higher in Asians and Africans compared to Caucasians23. However, our derived cut-off value of 11.55 mg/L is similar to that previously reported (10.7 mg/L24; 12 mg/L, 12 14 mg/L2526. The sensitivity of 75.3% and specificity of 71.2% in our measurements with a cut-off value of 11.55 mg/L 1,5-AG concentrations is in a similar range reported (78% and 72%) for predicting blood glucose enhancements of 2-hour post-challenge glucose ≥200 mg/dL in 75 g oral glucose tolerance tests with a 1–5 AG cut-off value of 14.2 μg/mL27.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 84%

Excretion rates of 1,5-anhydro-D-glucitol, uric acid and microalbuminuria as glycemic control indexes in patients with type 2 diabetes

Sheng

Liu

et al. 2017

Sci Rep

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

1,5-anhydroglucitol (1,5-AG), uric acid and urinary proteins are excreted into the urine with increasing glucosuria. In the present retrospective study we analyzed whether these factors could be used as indicators for type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) glucose control in 6,766 (T2DM) patients. There were 3,988 cases (58.9%) with HbA1c ≤ 6.5%, 853 cases (12.61%) with HbA1c levels ranging from 6.5% to 7% and 1,925 cases (28.5%) with HbA1c > 7%. HbA1c percentages were correlated with age, MA and 1,5-AG serum concentrations (P < 0.001). The serum uric acid concentration (P < 0.001) was significantly lower in elevated MA (P < 0.001) and 24-hour urinary protein (P = 0.024) patients. Hb1Ac percentages (P < 0.001) were significantly enhanced in patients with 1,5-AG serum concentrations ≤10 mg/L compared to >10 mg/L. With a derived receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve, a 1,5-AG cut-off value of 11.55 mg/L for hyperglycemia could be diagnosed with a specificity of 71.2 (69.7–72.6) and a sensitivity of 75.3 (73.6–76.9). The serum 1,5-AG concentration is a marker for hyperglycemia and may be particularly useful as an indicator for short-term glycemic excursions in order to improve treatments in T2DM patients.

show abstract

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 84%

Excretion rates of 1,5-anhydro-D-glucitol, uric acid and microalbuminuria as glycemic control indexes in patients with type 2 diabetes

Sheng

Liu

et al. 2017

Sci Rep

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…There have been a few studies investigating GA [21-23] and 1,5-AG levels [24-26] to detect subjects with glucose intolerance defined by glucose levels, but no study has examined the diagnostic thresholds of these glycemic measures for diabetes based on the presence of DR, and it is uncertain whether GA and 1,5-AG measurements are applicable as a diagnostic tool for diabetes [27,28]. In addition, in the general Asian community, there are limited data assessing FPG and 2-hour postload glucose (PG) levels associated with the prevalence of DR [14,17,29].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Thresholds of various glycemic measures for diagnosing diabetes based on prevalence of retinopathy in community-dwelling Japanese subjects: the Hisayama Study

Mukai

Yasuda

Ninomiya

et al. 2014

Cardiovasc Diabetol

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

BackgroundThere has been controversy over the diagnostic thresholds of hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) for diabetes. In addition, no study has examined the thresholds of glycated albumin (GA) and 1,5-anhydroglucitol (1,5-AG) for diagnosing diabetes using the presence of diabetic retinopathy (DR). We examined the optimal thresholds of various glycemic measures for diagnosing diabetes based on the prevalence of DR in community-dwelling Japanese subjects.MethodsA total of 2,681 subjects aged 40-79 years underwent a 75-g oral glucose tolerance test, measurement of HbA1c, GA, and 1,5-AG, and an ophthalmic examination in 2007-2008. The associations of glycemic measures with DR status were examined cross-sectionally. DR was assessed by an examination of the fundus photograph of each eye and graded according to the International Clinical Diabetic Retinopathy Disease Severity Scale. We divided the values of glycemic measures into ten groups on the basis of deciles. The receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis was performed to determine the optimal threshold of each glycemic measure for detecting the presence of DR.ResultsOf the subjects, 52 had DR. The prevalence of DR increased steeply above the ninth decile for fasting plasma glucose (FPG) (6.2-6.8 mmol/l), for 2-hour postload glucose (PG) (9.2-12.4 mmol/l), for HbA1c (5.9-6.2% [41-44 mmol/mol]), and for GA (16.2-17.5%), and below the second decile for 1,5-AG (9.6-13.5 μg/mL). The ROC curve analysis showed that the optimal thresholds for DR were 6.5 mmol/l for FPG, 11.5 mmol/l for 2-hour PG, 6.1% (43 mmol/mol) for HbA1c, 17.0% for GA, and 12.1 μg/mL for 1,5-AG. The area under the ROC curve (AUC) for 2-hour PG (0.947) was significantly larger than that for FPG (0.908), GA (0.906), and 1,5-AG (0.881), and was marginally significantly higher than that for HbA1c (0.919). The AUCs for FPG, HbA1c, GA, and 1,5-AG were not significantly different.ConclusionsOur findings suggest that the FPG and HbA1c thresholds for diagnosing diabetes in the Japanese population are lower than the current diagnostic criterion, while the 2-hour PG threshold is comparable with the diagnostic criterion. 2-hour PG had the highest discriminative ability, whereas FPG, HbA1c, GA, and 1,5-AG were similar in their ability.

show abstract

“…(1991) and Stickle and Turk (1997). Here, we describe an extension of this two‐compartment model towards normal pregnancy and toward pregnancy with diabetes.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…As seen in Table 1, k i is approximated as 5 mg/day from Yamanouchi et al. (1991), who approximated 1,5‐AG supplement through foods as 4.38 mg/day on eight healthy subjects, mean urinary 1,5‐AG excretion as 4.76 mg/day (with negligible excretion into stools), and 0.4 mg/day of de novo synthesis of 1,5‐AG suggested in patients without oral supplement of 1,5‐AG.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

A computational model of 1,5-AG dynamics during pregnancy

et al. 2017

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The importance of 1,5‐anhydroglucitol (1,5‐AG) as an intermediate biomarker for diabetic pregnancy is multi‐fold: (1) it serves as a reliable indicator of moderate‐level glycemic control, especially during early gestation; (2) it has been associated with increased risk of diabetes, independent of HbA1c and fasting glucose; and (3) it is an independent risk factor for the development of eclampsia during pregnancy. However, the clinical use of this biomarker during pregnancy has been underutilized due to physiological changes in glomerular filtration rate, plasma volume, and other hemodynamic parameters which have been hypothesized to bias gestational serum 1,5‐AG concentrations. Here, we develop an in‐silico model of gestational 1,5‐AG by combining pre‐existing physiological data in the literature with a two‐compartment mathematical model, building off of a previous kinetic model described by Stickle and Turk (1997) Am. J. Physiol., 273, E821. Our model quantitatively characterizes how renal and hemodynamic factors impact measured 1,5‐AG during normal pregnancy and during pregnancy with gestational diabetes and diabetes mellitus. During both normal and diabetic pregnancy, we find that a simple two‐compartment model of 1,5‐AG kinetics, with all parameters but reabsorption fraction adjusted for time in pregnancy, efficiently models 1,5‐AG kinetics throughout the first two trimesters. Allowing reabsorption fraction to decrease after 25 weeks permits parameters closer to expected physiological values during the last trimester. Our quantitative model of 1,5‐AG confirms the involvement of hypothesized renal and hemodynamic mechanisms during pregnancy, clarifying the expected trends in 1,5‐AG to aid clinical interpretation. Further research and data may elucidate biological changes during the third trimester that account for the drop in 1,5‐AG concentrations, and clarify physiological differences between diabetes subtypes during pregnancy.

show abstract

Comparison of 1,5-Anhydroglucitol, HbA1c, and Fructosamine for Detection of Diabetes Mellitus

Cited by 67 publications

References 0 publications

Excretion rates of 1,5-anhydro-D-glucitol, uric acid and microalbuminuria as glycemic control indexes in patients with type 2 diabetes

Excretion rates of 1,5-anhydro-D-glucitol, uric acid and microalbuminuria as glycemic control indexes in patients with type 2 diabetes

Thresholds of various glycemic measures for diagnosing diabetes based on prevalence of retinopathy in community-dwelling Japanese subjects: the Hisayama Study

A computational model of 1,5-AG dynamics during pregnancy

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About