Comparison of 4G and 5G Cellular Network Architecture and Proposing of 6G, a new era of AI

Shah, Bibi Mariat; Murtaza, Mohsin; Raza, Mansoor

doi:10.1109/citisia50690.2020.9371846

Cited by 9 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 22 publications

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“…BigCom tackles the challenges posed by the exponential growth of data, enabling efficient processing and transmission of vast amounts of information. 6G networks promise a multitude of benefits that will transform industries and society as a whole [48]. As 6G networks continue to evolve, they hold the potential to revolutionize various industries and transform the way we connect, communicate, and interact with the world [49].…”

Section: G Technologiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Security of 6G-Enabled Vehicle-to-Everything Communication in Emerging Federated Learning and Blockchain Technologies

Kim,

Oh,

Yim

et al. 2024

IEEE Access

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Sixth-generation (6G) communication is emerging as seamless and massive connecting of almost everything. Therefore, vehicles, being extensively linked with human mobility, require a technological pace for compatibility with the 6G era. 6G will also potentially revolutionize the Vehicle-to-Everything (V2X) communication. However, this modernization will surface several security challenges in the complex heterogeneous architecture of V2X communication in 6G. Similarly, the expansion of V2X also introduces unconventional security risks and vulnerabilities. This paper aims to provide an overview of the security challenges and solutions for V2X communication in the upcoming 6G era to visualize the future of this research domain. This paper discusses the architecture and standards utilized in 6G enabled V2X communications and provisions a comprehensive analysis of V2X security in Confidentiality, Integrity, Availability, Authentication and Access Control (CIA 3 ) domains. Thereby, we analyze the impact of the emerging technological concepts of Blockchain and Federated Learning (FL) in 6G enabled V2X communication. Thereby, we suggest a Blockchain-enabled FL based generic security architecture for V2X communication in 6G networks. At the conclusive end, the review highlights key lessons learned and the future research directions in the domain of security of V2X communications in the 6G including; Privacy in 3D Fog Computing, Privacy in Augmented Reality, C. Secure Software Defined Networking (SDN), Physical Layer Security In THz Spectrum, SUMO (Simulation of Urban MObility) and Intrusion Detection using AI.

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Section: G Technologiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Security of 6G-Enabled Vehicle-to-Everything Communication in Emerging Federated Learning and Blockchain Technologies

Kim,

Oh,

Yim

et al. 2024

IEEE Access

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“…Currently, 5G is a study item for the Third Generation Partnership Project (3GPP) Release 17, with the potential to not only outperform GNSS, but also enable accurate estimations of orientation [22]. 5G NR provides higher speeds, lower latencies, and larger bandwidth capacities than 4G-LTE [23], which can be very attractive for field robotic applications and the future of the Internet of Things (IoT), as Mobile Edge Computing (MEC) is now a reality in many regions around the world.…”

Section: Radio Technologies and 5g Nrmentioning

confidence: 99%

NR5G-SAM: A SLAM Framework for Field Robot Applications Based on 5G New Radio

Karfakis

Couceiro

Portugal

2023

Sensors

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Robot localization is a crucial task in robotic systems and is a pre-requisite for navigation. In outdoor environments, Global Navigation Satellite Systems (GNSS) have aided towards this direction, alongside laser and visual sensing. Despite their application in the field, GNSS suffers from limited availability in dense urban and rural environments. Light Detection and Ranging (LiDAR), inertial and visual methods are also prone to drift and can be susceptible to outliers due to environmental changes and illumination conditions. In this work, we propose a cellular Simultaneous Localization and Mapping (SLAM) framework based on 5G New Radio (NR) signals and inertial measurements for mobile robot localization with several gNodeB stations. The method outputs the pose of the robot along with a radio signal map based on the Received Signal Strength Indicator (RSSI) measurements for correction purposes. We then perform benchmarking against LiDAR-Inertial Odometry Smoothing and Mapping (LIO-SAM), a state-of-the-art LiDAR SLAM method, comparing performance via a simulator ground truth reference. Two experimental setups are presented and discussed using the sub-6 GHz and mmWave frequency bands for communication, while the transmission is based on down-link (DL) signals. Our results show that 5G positioning can be utilized for radio SLAM, providing increased robustness in outdoor environments and demonstrating its potential to assist in robot localization, as an additional absolute source of information when LiDAR methods fail and GNSS data is unreliable.

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“…While fourth-generation (4G) required more development than the previous generation of services by providing high-quality multimedia for mobile nodes, However, there are still significant issues with today's 4G networks, including power consumption and spectrum scarcity [1], [2]. Nowadays, 5G aims to prop up new kinds of mobile services to optimize features, transmission quality, and resource efficiency [3]. Also, 5G technology can assist in reducing CO2 emissions and help advance modern applications that can be employed in many fields, from smart grids to precision agriculture.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Novel Hybrid Model Investing in 5G Network Optimization Under Suzuki Fading Channel

Abed

2023

International Journal of Electronics and Telecommunications

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Nowadays, the advancement and increased use of fifth-generation (5G) and sixth-generation (6G) systems have created a demand for more efficient and rapid transmission of information over wireless communication media. However, developing wireless communication systems that can meet these modern-day criteria for fast, reliable, and secure information exchange is a challenging task. To address this issue, this paper proposes a novel model for enhancing the 5G system. The proposed model utilizes polar code with rate matching and constitutional interleaving over the Suzuki fading channel. The combination of polar codes with rate matching and interleaving enables the communication system to achieve a lower error rate and better reliability over a Suzuki fading channel. Specifically, the polar code can correct a larger number of errors, while rate matching and interleaving can mitigate the effects of channel variations and reduce the probability of error bursts. These enhancements can lead to more robust and reliable communication in wireless networks.

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Comparison of 4G and 5G Cellular Network Architecture and Proposing of 6G, a new era of AI

Cited by 9 publications

References 22 publications

Security of 6G-Enabled Vehicle-to-Everything Communication in Emerging Federated Learning and Blockchain Technologies

Security of 6G-Enabled Vehicle-to-Everything Communication in Emerging Federated Learning and Blockchain Technologies

NR5G-SAM: A SLAM Framework for Field Robot Applications Based on 5G New Radio

Novel Hybrid Model Investing in 5G Network Optimization Under Suzuki Fading Channel

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