Comparison of a sidestream capnograph and a mainstream capnograph in mechanically ventilated dogs

Neto, Francisco José Teixeira; Carregaro, Adriano Bonfim; Mannarino, Rodrigo; Cruz, Mariângela Lozano; Luna, Stélio Pacca Loureiro

doi:10.2460/javma.2002.221.1582

Cited by 34 publications

(18 citation statements)

References 10 publications

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“…The PET-aCO 2 gradients (mean ± SD -0.13 ± 0.12 mmHg) are an order of magnitude smaller than those previously reported in either sick or healthy humans and animals [25,26]. The interchangeability of PaCO 2 and PETCO 2 measures in these ill, ventilated animals is a unique finding.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 40%

End-inspiratory rebreathing reduces the end-tidal to arterial PCO2 gradient in mechanically ventilated pigs

et al. 2011

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The end-inspiratory rebreathing technique is capable of reducing the PET-aCO(2) gradient sufficiently to make the noninvasive measurement of PETCO(2) a useful clinical surrogate for PaCO(2) over a wide range of PETCO(2) and PETO(2) combinations in mechanically ventilated pigs. Further studies in the presence of severe ventilation-perfusion (V/Q) mismatching will be required to identify the limitations of the method.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 40%

End-inspiratory rebreathing reduces the end-tidal to arterial PCO2 gradient in mechanically ventilated pigs

et al. 2011

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“…There have been a few previous attempts to compare capnographic parameters obtained by sidestream and mainstream techniques, but they were the manufacturer's educational material, 21 focused only on the end-tidal CO 2 value in experimental 22 and clinical studies, [23][24][25] or were limited to a small cohort of infants. 26 However, there is a lack of information about the relationship between capnographic indices obtained by sidestream and mainstream techniques in mechanically ventilated adults.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Capnogram slope and ventilation dead space parameters: comparison of mainstream and sidestream techniques

Balogh

Peták

Fodor

et al. 2016

British Journal of Anaesthesia

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Sidestream capnography provides adequate quantitative bedside information about uneven alveolar emptying and ventilation-perfusion mismatching, because it allows reliable assessments of the phase III slope, [Formula: see text] and intrapulmonary shunt. Reliable measurement of volumetric parameters (phase II slope, dead spaces, and eliminated CO2 volumes) requires the application of a mainstream device.

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“…In mammals, the exact opposite occurs; the P E CO 2 is lower than the PaCO 2 [39,40]. This result is explained by the fact that in mammals, the airflow in the alveolus is bidirectional and the physiological dead space has an important effect on the P E CO 2 , whereas in birds, parabronchial air flow is unidirectional throughout the respiratory cycle [3].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The effect of premedication with ketamine, alone or with diazepam, on anaesthesia with sevoflurane in parrots (Amazona aestiva)

et al. 2013

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BackgroundPremedication is rarely used in avian species. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of premedication on the quality of sevoflurane induction and anaesthesia in parrots. We hypothesised that premedication would facilitate handling and decrease the minimum anaesthetic dose (MAD). Thirty-six adult parrots were randomly distributed in three groups: group S (n = 12) was premedicated with NaCl 0.9%; group KS (n = 12) was premedicated with 10 mg.kg-1 ketamine; and group KDS (n = 12) was premedicated with 10 mg.kg-1 ketamine and 0.5 mg.kg-1 diazepam, delivered intramuscularly. After induction using 4.5% sevoflurane introduced through a facemask, the MAD was determined for each animal. The heart rate (HR), respiratory rate (RR), systolic arterial blood pressure (SAP), and cloacal temperature (CT) were recorded before premedication (T0), 15 minutes after premedication (T1), and after MAD determination (T2). Arterial blood gas analyses were performed at T0 and T2. The quality of anaesthesia was evaluated using subjective scales based on animal behaviour and handling during induction, maintenance, and recovery. Statistical analyses were performed using analysis of variance or Kruskal-Wallis tests followed by Tukey’s or Dunn’s tests.ResultsThe minimal anaesthetic doses obtained were 2.4 ± 0.37%, 1.7 ± 0.39%, and 1.3 ± 0.32% for groups S, KS, and KDS, respectively. There were no differences in HR, RR, or CT among groups, but SAP was significantly lower in group S. Sedation was observed in both the premedicated S-KS and S-KDS groups. There were no differences in the quality of intubation and recovery from anaesthesia among the three groups, although the induction time was significantly shorter in the pre-medicated groups, and the KS group showed less muscle relaxation.ConclusionsKetamine alone or the ketamine/diazepam combination decreased the MAD of sevoflurane in parrots (Amazona aestiva). Ketamine alone or in combination with diazepam promoted a good quality of sedation, which improved handling and reduced the stress of the birds. All protocols provided safe anaesthesia in this avian species.

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Comparison of a sidestream capnograph and a mainstream capnograph in mechanically ventilated dogs

Cited by 34 publications

References 10 publications

End-inspiratory rebreathing reduces the end-tidal to arterial PCO2 gradient in mechanically ventilated pigs

End-inspiratory rebreathing reduces the end-tidal to arterial PCO2 gradient in mechanically ventilated pigs

Capnogram slope and ventilation dead space parameters: comparison of mainstream and sidestream techniques

The effect of premedication with ketamine, alone or with diazepam, on anaesthesia with sevoflurane in parrots (Amazona aestiva)

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