Comparison of AAS, ICP-AES, PSA, and XRF in Determining Lead and Cadmium in Soil

Pyle, Steven M.; Nocerino, John M.; Deming, Stanley N.; Palasota, John A.; Palasota, Josephine M.; Miller, Eric L.; Hillman, Daniel C.; Kuharic, C. A.; Cole, William H.; Fitzpatrick, Patricia M.; Watson, Michael A.; Nichols, Ky D.

doi:10.1021/es9502482

Cited by 92 publications

(45 citation statements)

References 6 publications

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“…Methods that attempt to remove PM from substrates risk both poor recovery and contamination. Analytical methods that are based on direct solids analysis of the PUF/particles (e.g., XRF, PIXIE, INAA) are generally limited in sensitivity and matrix effects can be problematic (Graney et al 2004;Pyle et al 1996;USEPA 1999). Sample handling and analysis was performed using trace metal clean techniques.…”

Section: Element Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

A Novel Method Using Polyurethane Foam (PUF) Substrates to Determine Trace Element Concentrations in Size-Segregated Atmospheric Particulate Matter on Short Time Scales

Dillner

Shafer

Schauer

2007

Aerosol Science and Technology

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A PUF-ICP-MS method has been developed that can quantify a large number of elements in size-resolved ambient aerosol samples collected over short-time intervals (four hours in this study). The pre-cleaning and digestion protocols developed enabled the quantification of 29 elements (including Hg) in ambient PM sampled onto a PUF substrate. The microwave-assisted acid digestion method affects a total dissolution of both aerosol and substrate, producing a colorless solution with no trace of aerosol, PUF, or polypropylene particulates, and is compatible with many analytical techniques (e.g., ICP-MS, CVAF, GFAA). For the large majority of elements the PUF-ICP-MS method provides superior elemental detection capabilities than traditional XRF approaches and importantly, method detection limits (MDLs) for most studied elements are lower than achieved with a 4-hour MOUDI approach using optimized ICP-MS analysis. For example, MDLs for V, Sr, Cd, Sb, and Hg are respectively 0.15, 0.18, 0.034, 0.051, and 0.0055 (solvent cleaning only for Hg) ng m −3 . Only one-third, or less, of the PUF substrate is required for the ICP-MS analysis leaving the majority of the substrate available for additional characterization, e.g., organic speciation, of the same air mass. A demonstration study conducted in Phoenix, Arizona, shows that this new method can quantitatively resolve differences in element concentrations on short time scales and has the potential to be a powerful new tool for identifying sources of trace and ultra-trace elements. The highly size and time resolved data can also provide useful information for the study of health effects of individual or groups of elements.

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Section: Element Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

A Novel Method Using Polyurethane Foam (PUF) Substrates to Determine Trace Element Concentrations in Size-Segregated Atmospheric Particulate Matter on Short Time Scales

Dillner

Shafer

Schauer

2007

Aerosol Science and Technology

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“…With regard to the assessment of soil borne PTE sources, several studies have demonstrated the difficulty in determining actual total PTE soil source concentrations (Pyle et al, 1996;Scancar et al, 2000;Marcos et al, 2011, Bonnard andBour, 2008). Depending on physico-chemical soil conditions, specific PTE species and complexes, present in the soil and relevant for the exposure assessment may not be adequately represented in the results of individual laboratory analysis techniques and results provided by different soil analytical techniques and associated sample preparation and extraction procedures.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Bioaccessibility of trace elements in soils in Northern Ireland

Barsby

McKinley

Ofterdinger

et al. 2012

Science of The Total Environment

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“…However, a slight bias between the XRF results and those of the other methods has been reported. [4][5][6][7][8][9] A significant problem of the P-XRF methodology, addressed in most of the above studies, is the use of appropriate calibration samples. This paper uses in situ rather than laboratory-based measurements using a Spectrace TN 9000 P-XRF instrument for the determination of Pb in soil.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluation of Portable X-ray Fluorescence Instrumentation for in situ Measurements of Lead on Contaminated Land

Argyraki¹,

Ramsey²,

Potts³

1997

Analyst

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The performance of the Spectrace TN 9000 portable X-ray fluorescence (P-XRF) instrument for in situ sampling and analysis of contaminated soil was evaluated. The method was compared with laboratory analysis of the samples using ICP-AES and XRF as established methods for the assessment of contaminated land. The trueness of the field-based P-XRF results was affected by the soil moisture and the surface roughness of the in situ samples, after the correction of which, no bias was observed between the analytical results of the comparative methods. Relatively large measurement uncertainty (±55% for Pb) was caused by the small sample mass analysed and the small scale heterogeneity of the sample. This uncertainty was quantified using duplicate measurements and does not impair the delineation of 'hot spots' of contamination as it contributes less than 20% to the total variance. General advantages and limitations of the P-XRF methodology for the investigation of contaminated land were assessed and suggestions are made for the optimisation of the methodology. Keywords: Portable X-ray fluorescence instrumentation; in situ measurement; lead; contaminated land In situ measurements of soils at contaminated sites potentially have the advantages of giving both a rapid assessment of the concentration of the contaminant and also first hand information on its spatial distribution and the degree of heterogeneity in an undisturbed position. The disadvantage of in situ measurement is often the high degree of uncertainty associated with the measurement, caused by factors such as the heterogeneity. If, however, this uncertainty can be quantified realistically, then these measurements can be fit for many purposes of environmental interpretation. Conventional schemes of analysis can usually be divided into two basic stages: (i) the collection of samples in the field, and (ii) the preparation and analysis of these samples in the laboratory, using a variety of analytical methods. The selection of the most appropriate sample preparation and analysis method depends on the sampling medium, the scope of the investigation and the availability of facilities. One well established procedure for the analysis of contaminated soils is to collect samples of top soil (e.g., 0-150 mm) using a hand auger, sieve and collect the < 2 mm fraction, grind to a fine powder and then use an acid extraction procedure, followed by ICP-AES to determine selected analytes. 1 However, it is important to appreciate that the estimated values of contaminant concentration from such investigations may vary due to sampling errors associated with the particular sampling design used in the field. 2 X-ray fluorescence (XRF) is also a well established methodology for the assessment of contaminated land. Samples may be dried and then analysed as loose powders or alternatively prepared as compressed powder pellets. Ease of sample preparation as well as analytical trueness and high precision are advantages of this methodology. 3 Field-based portable XRF (P-XRF) instrumentation offer...

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Comparison of AAS, ICP-AES, PSA, and XRF in Determining Lead and Cadmium in Soil

Cited by 92 publications

References 6 publications

A Novel Method Using Polyurethane Foam (PUF) Substrates to Determine Trace Element Concentrations in Size-Segregated Atmospheric Particulate Matter on Short Time Scales

A Novel Method Using Polyurethane Foam (PUF) Substrates to Determine Trace Element Concentrations in Size-Segregated Atmospheric Particulate Matter on Short Time Scales

Bioaccessibility of trace elements in soils in Northern Ireland

Evaluation of Portable X-ray Fluorescence Instrumentation for in situ Measurements of Lead on Contaminated Land

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