Comparison of activity of individual pyramidal tract neurons during balancing, locomotion, and scratching

Beloozerova, Irina N.; Sirota, Mikhail G.; Orlovsky, G. N.; Deliagina, T. G.

doi:10.1016/j.bbr.2005.12.009

Cited by 7 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 59 publications

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“…A different functional role of motor cortex neurons in different motor tasks was previously suggested based on the comparisons of their activity during locomotion, balancing, and scratching (Beloozerova et al 2006), as well as during different postural tasks . This was also a finding in some studies in primates (for review, see Scott 2008).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Activity of motor cortex neurons during backward locomotion

Zelenin

Deliagina

Orlovsky

et al. 2011

Journal of Neurophysiology

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Cell-or network-driven oscillators underlie motor rhythmicity. The identity of C. elegans oscillators remains unknown. Through cell ablation, electrophysiology, and calcium imaging, we show: (1) forward and backward locomotion is driven by different oscillators; (2) the cholinergic and excitatory A-class motor neurons exhibit intrinsic and oscillatory activity that is sufficient to drive backward locomotion in the absence of premotor interneurons; (3) the UNC-2 P/ Q/N high-voltage-activated calcium current underlies A motor neuron's oscillation; (4) descending premotor interneurons AVA, via an evolutionarily conserved, mixed gap junction and chemical synapse configuration, exert state-dependent inhibition and potentiation of A motor neuron's intrinsic activity to regulate backward locomotion. Thus, motor neurons themselves derive rhythms, which are dually regulated by the descending interneurons to control the reversal motor state. These and previous findings exemplify compression: essential circuit properties are conserved but executed by fewer numbers and layers of neurons in a small locomotor network.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Activity of motor cortex neurons during backward locomotion

Zelenin

Deliagina

Orlovsky

et al. 2011

Journal of Neurophysiology

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“…It has been previously shown that during some motor tasks the activity of selected subpopulations of the motor cortex does not correlate with the activity of muscles or movement mechanics and appears to have other control targets [e.g., 58, 68, 69, 70]. In addition to determining the allowable phase of the response during voluntary gait modifications as suggested above, another possible function of these neurons may be to contribute to the activation and reconfiguration of the brain stem–spinal locomotor networks.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of light on the activity of motor cortex neurons during locomotion

Armer

Nilaweera

Rivers

et al. 2013

Behavioural Brain Research

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The motor cortex plays a critical role in accurate visually guided movements such as reaching and target stepping. However, the manner in which vision influences the movement-related activity of neurons in the motor cortex is not well understood. In this study we have investigated how the locomotion-related activity of neurons in the motor cortex is modified when subjects switch between walking in the darkness and in light. Three adult cats were trained to walk through corridors of an experimental chamber for a food reward. On randomly selected trials, lights were extinguished for approximately four seconds when the cat was in a straight portion of the chamber's corridor. Discharges of 146 neurons from layer V of the motor cortex, including 51 pyramidal tract cells (PTNs), were recorded and compared between light and dark conditions. It was found that while cats’ movements during locomotion in light and darkness were similar (as judged from the analysis of three-dimensional limb kinematics and the activity of limb muscles), the firing behavior of 49% (71/146) of neurons was different between the two walking conditions. This included differences in the mean discharge rate (19%, 28/146 of neurons), depth of stride-related frequency modulation (24%, 32/131), duration of the period of elevated firing ([PEF], 19%, 25/131), and number of PEFs among stride-related neurons (26%, 34/131). 20% of responding neurons exhibited more than one type of change. We conclude that visual input plays a very significant role in determining neuronal activity in the motor cortex during locomotion by altering one, or occasionally multiple, parameters of locomotion-related discharges of its neurons.

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“…; Beloozerova et al. ) could be participating in these SOL motoneuron hyperpolarization (Arshavsky et al. ; Beloozerova et al.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…SOL activity was severely reduced in BCAC but not in spinal cats (not illustrated). The absence of a corticospinal pathway generating extensor motoneuron activity (Leblond et al 2001;Beloozerova et al 2006) could be participating in these SOL motoneuron hyperpolarization (Arshavsky et al 1985;Beloozerova et al 2006). In BCAC, SOL-HeMR was reduced when SOL electroneurographic activity remained silent.…”

Section: Sol Heteronymous Monosynaptic Reflex Regulation By Motoneuromentioning

confidence: 99%

Hind limb motoneurons activity during fictive locomotion or scratching induced by pinna stimulation, serotonin, or glutamic acid in brain cortex-ablated cats

et al. 2017

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In brain cortex‐ablated cats (BCAC), hind limb motoneurons activity patterns were studied during fictive locomotion (FL) or fictive scratching (FS) induced by pinna stimulation. In order to study motoneurons excitability: heteronymous monosynaptic reflex (HeMR), intracellular recording, and individual Ia afferent fiber antidromic activity (AA) were analyzed. The intraspinal cord microinjections of serotonin or glutamic acid effects were made to study their influence in FL or FS. During FS, HeMR amplitude in extensor and bifunctional motoneurons increased prior to or during the respective electroneurogram (ENG). In soleus (SOL) motoneurons were reduced during the scratch cycle (SC). AA in medial gastrocnemius (MG) Ia afferent individual fibers of L6‐L7 dorsal roots did not occur during FS. Flexor digitorum longus (FDL) and MG motoneurons fired with doublets during the FS bursting activity, motoneuron membrane potential from some posterior biceps (PB) motoneurons exhibits a depolarization in relation to the PB (ENG). It changed to a locomotor drive potential in relation to one of the double ENG, PB bursts. In FDL and semitendinosus (ST) motoneurons, the membrane potential was depolarized during FS, but it did not change during FL. Glutamic acid injected in the L3‐L4 spinal cord segment favored the transition from FS to FL. During FL, glutamic acid produces a duration increase of extensors ENGs. Serotonin increases the ENG amplitude in extensor motoneurons, as well as the duration of scratching episodes. It did not change the SC duration. Segregation and motoneurons excitability could be regulated by the rhythmic generator and the pattern generator of the central pattern generator.

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Comparison of activity of individual pyramidal tract neurons during balancing, locomotion, and scratching

Cited by 7 publications

References 59 publications

Activity of motor cortex neurons during backward locomotion

Activity of motor cortex neurons during backward locomotion

Effect of light on the activity of motor cortex neurons during locomotion

Hind limb motoneurons activity during fictive locomotion or scratching induced by pinna stimulation, serotonin, or glutamic acid in brain cortex-ablated cats

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