Comparison of alternative flue gas dry treatment technologies in waste-to-energy processes

Pozzo, Alessandro Dal; Antonioni, Giacomo; Guglielmi, Daniele; Stramigioli, Carlo; Cozzani, Valerio

doi:10.1016/j.wasman.2016.02.029

Cited by 28 publications

(17 citation statements)

References 14 publications

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“…These concentration values were selected as representative of the HCl and SO 2 content in flue gas generated by municipal or hazardous waste incinerators. ,, …”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Experimental Investigation of the Reactivity of Sodium Bicarbonate toward Hydrogen Chloride and Sulfur Dioxide at Low Temperatures

Pozzo

Moricone

Tugnoli

et al. 2019

Ind. Eng. Chem. Res.

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The use of sodium bicarbonate (NaHCO 3) as a solid reactant for the removal of acid pollutants in industrial flue gas streams is a simple and effective process solution. Nonetheless, despite its technological maturity, the industrial application of NaHCO 3-based flue gas treatment is still highly empirical. A better knowledge of the heterogeneous reaction process could allow process optimization, resulting in a reduction both in the consumption of reactants and in the generation of solid waste products. In the present study, the reactivity of NaHCO 3 toward HCl and SO 2 was investigated in the temperature range between 120 and 300°C. The key role of thermal activation in determining the reactivity of the sorbent was confirmed. The choice of the optimal temperature for acid gas sorption results from a trade-off: higher temperatures increase the reaction kinetics, but induce the sintering of the activated sodium carbonate. The occurrence of sintering is particularly detrimental for high removal efficiency toward SO 2 , possibly due to the role of the sodium sulfite layer originated by SO 2 sorption. As a consequence, the optimal operating temperature resulted as 150°C for SO 2 and 210°C for HCl. The choice of operating temperature in industrial dry sorbent injection units for acid gas abatement is discussed in view of the present findings.

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“…These concentration values were selected as representative of the HCl and SO 2 content in flue gas generated by municipal or hazardous waste incinerators. ,, …”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Experimental Investigation of the Reactivity of Sodium Bicarbonate toward Hydrogen Chloride and Sulfur Dioxide at Low Temperatures

Pozzo

Moricone

Tugnoli

et al. 2019

Ind. Eng. Chem. Res.

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“…Air pollution control (APC) systems for MSWI have improved significantly since the advent of WtE. SO 2 and HCl removal can reach nearly 100% through wet and semi-dry scrubbing (Dal Pozzo et al, 2016). NO x removal technologies include mostly selective catalytic reduction (SCR) and selective non-catalytic reduction (SNCR).…”

Section: Msw Suitability For Specific Wte Thermochemical Technologiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Suitability of municipal solid waste in African cities for thermochemical waste-to-energy conversion: The case of Harare Metropolitan City, Zimbabwe

et al. 2018

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The recovery of energy from municipal solid waste (MSW) has gained popularity in many industrialized countries, but its adoption in economically developing countries, especially in Africa, has been slow. While capital investments and technical requirements for waste-to-energy (WtE) systems are among the most important causes for this slow adoption, the unavailability of data on the thermochemical quality of MSW as a potential feedstock for energy recovery is also a limiting factor. In this paper, Harare, a typical African city, was selected as a case study. The evaluation was based on the analysis of the MSW’s composition, moisture as-discarded, thermochemical properties and energy content. The results show that the quality of the MSW is comparable to that in regions outside Africa where WtE has been a success. The combustible fraction exceeded 75 wt% making it ideal for thermal treatment without requiring supplementary fuel. With an MSW throughput of 421,757 tonnes year−1 (11.1% of which is recycled), and a lower heating value of 10.1 MJ kg−1, the energetic potential was estimated at 3.8 × 106 GJ. MSW thermal treatment via conventional technologies can reduce the waste throughput to landfills by up to 40%, provide up to 112 GWh year−1 of electrical energy, and increase the annual share of electrical energy produced from bio-fuels and wastes from 1.3% to at least 2.2%. These benefits make thermal MSW treatment a suitable option for waste disposal in African cities.

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“…Sorbent suppliers and technology providers rarely disclose their data in the open literature [71], while scholarly studies mainly report results of laboratory-scale tests of little applicability to full-scale systems [72,73]. The second issue is related to the high variability of the composition of processed waste, which may result in significant fluctuation of HCl concentrations in the gases to be treated [74,75], hence the sensitivity of the LCI results to these parameters need to be thoughtfully checked. Being the relationship between removal efficiency and sorbent feed rate non-linear [76], process modeling is required for a correct evaluation of both aspects.…”

Section: Use Of Alternative Sorbents For Acid Gas Removal In Waste-tomentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Process modeling was based on the empirical reaction model described by Dal Pozzo et al [74], calibrated on a set of process data from operating plants and expressing the non-linear relationship between the over-stoichiometric ratio (SR) of reactant fed to the system and the obtained acid gas conversion. The non-linear model linking SR and X for the Ca-based and the Na-based stages is shown in Figure 5, alongside the process data from the reference plant adopted for model calibration.…”

Section: Equipmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

Integrating Life Cycle Inventory and Process Design Techniques for the Early Estimate of Energy and Material Consumption Data

et al. 2018

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Life cycle assessment (LCA) is a powerful tool to identify direct and indirect environmental burdens associated with products, processes and services. A critical phase of the LCA methodology is the collection of representative inventory data for the energy and material streams related to the production process. In the evaluation of new and emerging chemical processes, measured data are known only at laboratory scale and may have limited connection to the environmental footprint of the same process implemented at industrial scale. On the other hand, in the evaluation of processes already established at commercial scale, the availability of process data might be hampered by industrial confidentiality. In both cases, the integration of simple process design techniques in the LCA can contribute to overcome the lack of primary data, allowing a more correct quantification of the life cycle inventory. The present paper shows, through the review of case study examples, how simplified process design, modeling and simulation can support the LCA framework to provide a preliminary estimate of energy and material consumption data suitable for environmental assessment purposes. The discussed case studies illustrate the implementation of process design considerations to tackle availability issues of inventory data in different contexts. By evidencing the case-specific nature of the problem of preliminary conceptual process design, the study calls for a closer collaboration of process design experts and life cycle analysts in the green development of new products and processes.

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Comparison of alternative flue gas dry treatment technologies in waste-to-energy processes

Cited by 28 publications

References 14 publications

Experimental Investigation of the Reactivity of Sodium Bicarbonate toward Hydrogen Chloride and Sulfur Dioxide at Low Temperatures

Experimental Investigation of the Reactivity of Sodium Bicarbonate toward Hydrogen Chloride and Sulfur Dioxide at Low Temperatures

Suitability of municipal solid waste in African cities for thermochemical waste-to-energy conversion: The case of Harare Metropolitan City, Zimbabwe

Integrating Life Cycle Inventory and Process Design Techniques for the Early Estimate of Energy and Material Consumption Data

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