Comparison of alternative insulating fluids

Abstract

In times when personal safety and the security of electrical power supply become more and more important, the usage of alternative insulation fluids is demanded in large power transformers too. The minimizing of fire loads is another significant reason for new transformers. Several Companies offer such alternative insulation liquids and they are already used in distribution transformers. On the other hand there is only few experience with those fluids in large power transformers. Alternative insulation liquids should be compared with mineral oil at equal conditions and voltage levels of several hundred kV AC. Comparison methods and test situations must be found. In this paper it will be shown how the new insulation liquids can be compared with conventional mineral oil and among each other.

Halloysite Reinforced Natural Esters for Energy Applications

“…Natural esters also possess excellent lubricity [25,26], high thermal conductivity [27,28], compatibility with additives, relatively low production costs [29], biodegradability, and high fire and flash points [30,31], comparable to mineral lubricants and fluids [26,[32][33][34]. In general, these materials are defined as fatty acids, which contain an extended aliphatic chain in addition to the ester function, which determines the mechanical and chemical characteristics of the lubricants [35]. Unsaturated can display less viscous performance but are more susceptible to oxidation [35,36], leading to an increase in viscosity and degradation, therefore affecting the tribological, thermal, and other characteristics of the lubricant [37].…”

“…In general, these materials are defined as fatty acids, which contain an extended aliphatic chain in addition to the ester function, which determines the mechanical and chemical characteristics of the lubricants [35]. Unsaturated can display less viscous performance but are more susceptible to oxidation [35,36], leading to an increase in viscosity and degradation, therefore affecting the tribological, thermal, and other characteristics of the lubricant [37].…”

Thermal Conductivity Performance of 2D h-BN/MoS2/-Hybrid Nanostructures Used on Natural and Synthetic Esters

“…Although a great sustainable feedstock for novel materials, these are susceptible to variations in their compositions due to different processing, crop conditions, and climate and environment, among others [ 27 ]. In general, the natural esters are presented as fatty acids, containing the ester function and a long aliphatic chain that dictate some chemical and mechanical properties of the oils [ 28 ]. The oils based on saturated fatty acids are more chemically stable and very viscous.…”

“…The oils based on saturated fatty acids are more chemically stable and very viscous. Unsaturated (mono, di, tri) can be much less viscous but are prone to oxidation [ 28 ], which leads to an increase in viscosity and consequently affect thermal, tribological, and other properties of the oil [ 29 ].…”