Comparison of an oleic acid enriched-diet vs NCEP-I diet on LDL susceptibility to oxidative modifications

Abstract

Objective: The objective of this trial was to compare the effect on the susceptibility of plasma Low Density Lipoprotein (LDL) to oxidative modi®cations of consumption of two oleic rich diets, prepared with two different plant oils, virgin olive oil (OL) 1 and re®ned high monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFA sun¯ower oil (SU)), with the susceptibility of plasma LDL to oxidation after an National Cholesterol Education Program step 1 (NCEP-I) phase diet. Design: A randomized crossover design. Subjects and interventions: Twenty-two healthy normolipidemic young males consumed an NCEP-I diet for a 4-week period. Subjects were then assigned to two diets each of 4-weeks duration. Group one was placed on an olive oil enriched diet (40% fat, 22% MUFA) followed by a 4-week period of a MUFA diet enriched in sun¯ower oil (40% fat, 22% MUFA). In group two, the order of the diets was reversed. Results: Both MUFA diets induced a decrease in saturated (14 : 0, 16 : 0, and 18 : 0) and an increase in monounsaturated and polyunsaturated n-6 (18 : 2, 20 : 3, and 20 : 5) plasma LDL-phospholipid fatty acids, compared to the NCEP-I diet (P`0.01). No signi®cant differences in lag times were observed between the olive oil and the NCEP-I diet periods. However there was a greater inhibition time (P`0.001) when subjects consumed the MUFA rich sun¯ower oil diet compared to the NCEP-I diet. These differences were probably related to the relative enrichment of plasma LDL particles in a-tocopherol due to the high vitamin E content of the MUFA-rich sun¯ower oil. Indeed, the a-tocopherol content was positively correlated with lag time (r 0.338; P`0.008). Conclusion: Our ®ndings suggest that changes in plasma LDL a-tocopherol content with practical solid-food diets can decrease its susceptibility to oxidation. Sponsorship: This work has been supported by grants from the Investigaciones de la Seguridad Social (FIS 92a0182, to Francisco Pe Ârez Jime Ânez); and from Koype Co, Andu Âjar, Jae Ân, Spain. Descriptors: oxidized low density lipoproteins; a-tocopherol; phospholipid; monounsaturated fatty acids; low fat diets; fatty acids

Olive oil and oxidative stress

“…Of the 14 studies referred to [38], only in two of them did MUFA -rich diets not promote a higher resistance of LDL to oxidation than PUFA-rich ones. Compared with high carbohydrate/low fat diets, the MUFA ones had a better effect [39,40], or a comparable one [41], on the susceptibility of the LDL to oxidation. We must point out that in most studies, the measured parameter was the susceptibility of isolated LDL to oxidation, an in vitro test, in which the characteristics of diene formation in LDL after oxidation with copper of the lipoprotein are measured [42].…”

Intérêt nutritionnel des huiles de tournesols : tournesol linoléique et tournesol à haute teneur en oléique

“…Ainsi, selon Carmena et al [11], il existerait un défaut de protection vis-à-vis de l'oxydation des LDL lorsque le régime à base d'huile d'olive est à plus de 20 % de mono-insaturés par comparaison avec un régime plus équilibré. De plus, pour des régimes de même teneur en acide oléique mais de sources différentes (olive et tournesol oléique), Jimenez et Castro [20] viennent de vérifier qu'à représentation identique des acides gras mono-insaturés dans les LDL, la protection de ces lipoprotéines vis-à-vis de l'oxydation serait meilleure après le régime tournesol oléique, parce que positivement corrélé à l'enrichissement en alpha-tocophérol de ces LDL ; la haute teneur en tocophérols du tournesol oléique serait la source de cet enrichissement en alpha-tocophérol plasmatique.…”

Mediterranean Diet and Gene-Mediterranean Diet Interactions in Determining Intermediate Cardiovascular Disease Phenotypes

“…Five interventional studies showed beneficial effects of Mediterranean diet on TG concentrations (Shai et al, 2008;Esposito et al, 2004;Estruch et al, 2006;Esposito et al, 2009;Elhayany et al, 2011), whereas other studies did not find significant differences (de Lorgeril et al, 1994;Castro et al, 2000;Michalsen et al, 2006).…”