Comparison of analytical and theoretical pharmaceutical concentrations in human urine in Germany

Winker, Martina; Tettenborn, Felix; Faika, Daniela; Gulyas, Holger; Otterpohl, Ralf

doi:10.1016/j.watres.2008.06.002

Cited by 48 publications

(25 citation statements)

References 27 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…With urine being the major path of entry (Winker et al 2008) more than 80 pharmaceuticals and some of their metabolites have been detected in influents and effluents of European and US waste water treatment plants (WWTPs). In minor concentrations some of these compounds also have been found in surface water and groundwater.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Biodegradation of Pharmaceutical Compounds and their Occurrence in the Jordan Valley

Tiehm

Schmidt

Stieber

et al. 2010

Water Resour Manage

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

In particular in arid regions the reuse of waste water and aquifer recharge is an important issue. Elimination of persistent emerging pollutants represents a key factor in integrated water resources management, and identifying suitable treatment processes to eliminate such compounds becomes inevitably necessary. It is the objective of this study (1) to assess the occurrence of emerging pollutants in the Jordan Valley and (2) to review and examine the biodegradability of selected key compounds. Among the most frequently detected compounds during a sampling campaign in 2007 were pharmaceutical residues such as carbamazepine, diclofenac, or naproxen, and X-ray contrast agents such as diatrizoic acid and iopromide, all typically found in Europe and the USA as well. To gain further insight into elimination processes, biodegradation studies were conducted with batch tests and flow-through soil columns under unsaturated, aerobic conditions. Results demonstrated biodegradation for pharmaceutical residues such as ibuprofen, diclofenac and bezafibrate. The degradation rate was faster in treated waste water as compared to raw waste water, most probably due to competing substrate consumption in raw waste water. The antiepileptic carbamazepine showed no degradation in the batch tests and only moderate removal during soil passage, probably due to sorption. The results of this study and previously published data emphasize the need for further studies under more defined conditions to elucidate the specific conditions under which biodegradation of emerging pollutants proceeds.

show abstract

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Biodegradation of Pharmaceutical Compounds and their Occurrence in the Jordan Valley

Tiehm

Schmidt

Stieber

et al. 2010

Water Resour Manage

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Fate and behavior of pharmaceuticals residues in plant tissues and soils: Urine, also called yellow water, is discussed as an alternative fertilizer for agriculture as it contains relatively high concentrations of the macronutrients nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium (27) . But this usage of urine includes the risk of transfer of pharmaceutical residues to agricultural fields (28) . Little is known on the fate of pharmaceuticals regarding their accumulation in soils, transfer to groundwater, and incorporation by plants.…”

Section: Urine As Fertilizer Fate Of Pharmaceuticals In Soilmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Little is known on the fate of pharmaceuticals regarding their accumulation in soils, transfer to groundwater, and incorporation by plants. However, these effects cannot be excluded as fairly high concentrations of pharmaceuticals are expected in urine (28) . The uptake of pharmaceuticals in plants and the effects they exaggerate on plant physiology and development were of major interest when crops are fertilized with urine.…”

Section: Urine As Fertilizer Fate Of Pharmaceuticals In Soilmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Besides, there are a few classes of pharmaceuticals that pose unambiguous impacts on the aquatic organisms, including microorganisms, phytoplankton, plants, crustaceans, fish and insects, as well as on soil microorganisms and possibly humans (28) . These pharmaceutical classes include: -Cytostatic agents, immunosuppressive drugs, and some genotoxic antibiotics because of their evident cytotoxic, carcinogenic, mutagenic and/or embryotoxic properties; -Human and veterinary antibiotics because of their pronounced microbial toxicity and the development of antibiotics resistance in environmental bacteria including human pathogens; -Natural and synthetic hormones because of their high efficiency, low effect thresholds and potential for endocrine disruption; -Halogenated compounds such as iodinated X-ray contrast media because of their resistance toward biodegradation and their mobility and persistence in the environment and the food web; -Heavy-metal containing drugs and non-therapeutic medical agents because of the toxicity of the metals in certain oxidation states.…”

Section: Environmental and Public Health Impacts Of Pharmaceuticalsmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Issue of Pharmaceutical Compounds in Water and Wastewater: Sources, Impact and Elimination

2013

Egypt. J. Chem.

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

HARMACEUTICALS are designed to have a physiological effect …..on humans and animals in trace concentrations. Persistence against biological degradation and their biological activity are key properties of these pollutants. Increasing consumption of pharmaceutical active compounds (PhACs) and their discharge to the municipal wastewater via excrete are a growing danger for water quality and thus for the health of citizens.The entire discharge volume of medicines into the sewage net and the inefficiency of suitable wastewater treatment solutions to face such a problem, leads to high pharmaceuticals content in the drinking water. Due to its low degradability, 80% of these substances are raw discharged by excretion and flushed to the toilets and sewers to the sewage plants, where no rejection takes place, thus leading to growth of bacterial resistance. This leads to high pharmaceuticals content in the drinking water, people assimilate these substances, resulting in every time higher difficulties when treating common illnesses.The aim of the present article is to review the issue of PhACs in the environment. The review focuses on the source, presence, fate, elimination, and treatment of PhACs in water and wastewater. This review includes: characteristics, occurrence and pathways of PhACs in water and wastewater, fate in the oriented sanitation, environmental and public health impacts. Furthermore, preventing pharmaceuticals in drinking-water, treatment technologies for their removal, knowledge gaps and future research for pharmaceuticals in drinking-water are also discussed. Advanced oxidation techniques, biological treatment systems, separation and treatment of urine for PhACs removal as effective tools are evaluated.

show abstract

“…Its nutrient contribution is also important that mineral fertilizers [5] [6]. Nevertheless, micropollutants such as heavy metals, hormones, pharmaceutical residues and pathogens can be excreted in urine [4] [7]. Urine treatment before its application in soils could be necessary to reduce health and environmental risks due to some contained compounds, especially when urine is collected in large-scale systems [3].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Quality of Human Urine Used as Fertilizer: Case of an Ecological Sanitation System in Ouagadougou Peri-Urban Areas-Burkina Faso

Makaya¹,

Savadogo²,

Somda³

et al. 2014

JEP

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The use in agriculture of excreta from urine-diversion toilets can be an alternative solution to the lack of sanitation and high costs of mineral fertilizers inherent to developing countries. The objective of this study was to evaluate the hygienic quality of urine used as fertilizer through an ecological sanitation system in Ouagadougou peri-urban areas. Chemical and microbiological analyses were performed in urine samples taken before and after thirty (30) days of storage in jerry cans exposed to sunlight. The concentrations of 7.0 g/l; 3.5 and 9.6 g/l of ammonia nitrogen for mean, minimum and maximum respectively, are obtained in unstored urine samples. These concentrations did not practically vary with the storage. On average, values of other chemical parameters analyzed in stored urine were as follows: pH, 8.8; phosphorus (P), 0.3 g/l; potassium (K), 1.9 g/l; total dissolved solids (TDS), 21.0 g/l; cadmium (Cd), 154.3 µg/l; copper (Cu), 5.2 µg/l; lead (Pb), 15.2 µg/l; chromium (Cr), 6.1 µg/l; nickel (Ni), 154.0 µg/l. Escherichia coli, staphylococci, enterococci, Salmonella and spores of Clostridium perfringens were detected in unstored urine samples, with 26% of fecal contamination rate. The time of storage (30 days) under sunlight was enough for almost all bacteria removal in urine samples. Although the fertilizing value of urine was confirmed, it would be important to take account of the best practices on applying in soils, because of the high TDS contents. Also, the risk linked to micropollutants in urine-based fertilizers could be negligible in view of low quantities. The results obtained in this study prove that after 30 days of exposure to sunlight urine collected via eco-toilet becomes bacteriologically sanitized, and can therefore be J. M. Makaya et al. 468 used to fertilize soils. However, it is necessary to demonstrate the inactivation of other groups of enteric microorganisms in human urine during storage.

show abstract

Comparison of analytical and theoretical pharmaceutical concentrations in human urine in Germany

Cited by 48 publications

References 27 publications

Biodegradation of Pharmaceutical Compounds and their Occurrence in the Jordan Valley

Biodegradation of Pharmaceutical Compounds and their Occurrence in the Jordan Valley

Issue of Pharmaceutical Compounds in Water and Wastewater: Sources, Impact and Elimination

Quality of Human Urine Used as Fertilizer: Case of an Ecological Sanitation System in Ouagadougou Peri-Urban Areas-Burkina Faso

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About