Comparison of anorectic potencies of the trichothecenes T-2 toxin, HT-2 toxin and satratoxin G to the ipecac alkaloid emetine

Wu, Weijie; Zhou, Hui Ren; Pan, Xiao; Pestka, James J.

doi:10.1016/j.toxrep.2014.12.010

Cited by 28 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 45 publications

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“…These neuroendocrine factors can affect the secretion of both anorexigenic and/or orexigenic hormones (Maresca, 2013 ). Through increasing gene expression of anorexia-inducing proinflammatory cytokines such as interleukin-1β (IL-1β), interleukin-6 (IL-6) and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), trichothecenes exacerbate the condition of anorexia (Wu et al, 2015 ). In addition, DON and T-2 also induced the release of the satiety hormones, peptide YY (PYY) and cholecystokinin (CCK), which are critical mediators of anorexia (Wu et al, 2015 ).…”

Section: Gastrointestinal Tractmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mycotoxin: Its Impact on Gut Health and Microbiota

Liew

Sabran

2018

Front. Cell. Infect. Microbiol.

337

195

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The secondary metabolites produced by fungi known as mycotoxins, are capable of causing mycotoxicosis (diseases and death) in human and animals. Contamination of feedstuffs as well as food commodities by fungi occurs frequently in a natural manner and is accompanied by the presence of mycotoxins. The occurrence of mycotoxins' contamination is further stimulated by the on-going global warming as reflected in some findings. This review comprehensively discussed the role of mycotoxins (trichothecenes, zearalenone, fumonisins, ochratoxins, and aflatoxins) toward gut health and gut microbiota. Certainly, mycotoxins cause perturbation in the gut, particularly in the intestinal epithelial. Recent insights have generated an entirely new perspective where there is a bi-directional relationship exists between mycotoxins and gut microbiota, thus suggesting that our gut microbiota might be involved in the development of mycotoxicosis. The bacteria–xenobiotic interplay for the host is highlighted in this review article. It is now well established that a healthy gut microbiota is largely responsible for the overall health of the host. Findings revealed that the gut microbiota is capable of eliminating mycotoxin from the host naturally, provided that the host is healthy with a balance gut microbiota. Moreover, mycotoxins have been demonstrated for modulation of gut microbiota composition, and such alteration in gut microbiota can be observed up to species level in some of the studies. Most, if not all, of the reported effects of mycotoxins, are negative in terms of intestinal health, where beneficial bacteria are eliminated accompanied by an increase of the gut pathogen. The interactions between gut microbiota and mycotoxins have a significant role in the development of mycotoxicosis, particularly hepatocellular carcinoma. Such knowledge potentially drives the development of novel and innovative strategies for the prevention and therapy of mycotoxin contamination and mycotoxicosis.

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Section: Gastrointestinal Tractmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mycotoxin: Its Impact on Gut Health and Microbiota

Liew

Sabran

2018

Front. Cell. Infect. Microbiol.

337

195

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“…Taking bw and feed intake data into consideration, 2 mg/kg feed represented 124 lg/kg bw daily T-2 exposure at the beginning of the toxin administration, which thereafter decreased to approximately 100 lg/kg bw toxin intake by the end of the experiment, because of the feed refusal effect of T-2. The lowest bw and gain due to T-2 exposure compared to control animals was the result of the decreased feed intake (Wang et al 1993;Wu et al 2015). According to the results of our previous study, the No Observed Adverse Effect Level (NOAEL) of T-2 for adult rabbit males was found to be 20 lg/kg bw/ day, which did not cause depression in production parameters (Kov acs et al 2013).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 85%

Effect of feedingBacillus cereusvar.toyoiand/or mannan oligosaccharide (MOS) on blood clinical chemistry, oxidative stress, immune response and genotoxicity in T-2 toxin exposed rabbits

Hafner

Tuboly

Mézes

et al. 2019

Italian Journal of Animal Science

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Kovács (2019) Effect of feeding Bacilluscereus var. toyoi and/or mannan oligosaccharide (MOS) on blood clinical chemistry, oxidative stress, immune response and genotoxicity in T-2 toxin exposed rabbitsa Agr ar-es K€ ornyezettudom anyi Kar, Kaposv ar University, Kaposv ar, Hungary; b J arv anytani es Mikrobiol ogiai Tansz ek, University of Veterinary Medicine, Budapest, Hungary; c Mez} ogazdas ag-es K€ ornyezettudom anyi Kar, Szent Istv an University, G€ od€ oll} o, Hungary; d MTA-KE-SZIE Mikotoxinok az Elelmiszerl ancban Kutat ocsoport, Kaposv ar, Hungary ABSTRACTThe aim of the study was to determine the effect of Bacillus cereus var. toyoi (200 mg/kg) and mannan oligosaccharide (MOS, 2 g/kg) in T-2 toxin exposed rabbits. Weaned rabbits (35 days of age) were assigned into four experimental groups (n ¼ 20 in each): control (C), B. cereus (B), MOS (M) and B. cereusþMOS (BM) group. At 49 days of age, rabbits were divided into two groups (n ¼ 10 in each), and half of the C, B, M and BM rabbits were fed with the same diet as before, but contaminated with 2 mg/kg feed T-2 toxin (groups CT, BT, MT and BMT). On day 50 and 60, rabbits were injected with ovalbumin. At 70 days of age, all animals were sacrificed. Daily weight gain was smaller in toxin challenged animals (17.6-19.5 g) compared to controls (29.7 g). Serum total protein concentration was less in toxin treated animals, among them in CT group (49.7 g/L) it decreased underneath the reference range. T-2 increased the glutathione peroxidase activity in the kidney. C and B treatments resulted in the highest IgG production. Phagocytic activity was the lowest in CT animals (76.4%), while the highest in C and BM groups (82%). Cytokine expression in the intestinal mucosa was lower in T-2 exposed animals as compared to their relevant controls. None of the feed additives had any effect on the T-2 induced changes in the oxidative stress and immune response. T-2 had slight genotoxic effect on lymphocytes, which was alleviated by MOS and B. cereus. HIGHLIGHTSThe suspected protective effect of Bacillus cereus var. toyoi and mannan oligosaccharide was investigated in T-2 toxin exposed rabbits. T-2 impaired immune response and was slightly genotoxic on lymphocytes. MOS and B. cereus alleviated the genotoxicity of T-2. ARTICLE HISTORY

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“…Even though, there is little knowledge hitherto about their chemical, physical properties, and toxicological mechanisms, bioavailability, and stability in the digestive tract. These toxins expose detrimental effects in animals, comprising fetotoxicity, cytotoxicity, and teratogenicity [137,138]. These effects have been related to a range of pathologies from hematological diseases to esophageal cancer.…”

Section: Toxicity Of Alternaria Hsts On Animalsmentioning

confidence: 99%