Comparison of Anti-müllerian Hormone (AMH) and Hormonal Assays for Phenotypic Classification of Polycystic Ovary Syndrome

Abstract

Objectives:The aim is to compare the hormonal status and anti-müllerian hormone (AMH) levels of patients who have different polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) phenotypes, polycystic ovarian morphology (PCOM) and healthy women. Material and methods:A total of 350 PCOS women, 71 women with PCOM and 79 healthy women with normal ovarian morphology (NOM) were observed. PCOS patients were divided into groups according to the phenotypes. Phenotype A-characterized by anovulation, hyperandrogenism and PCOM; phenotype B-defined as anovulation, hyperandrogenism; Phenotype C-identified as hyperandrogenism and PCOM; Phenotype D-outlined as anovulation and PCOM. AMH levels were compared for each group.Results: Among 350 PCOS patients the highest number belonged to phenotype A (n = 117, 33.4%). The rest were distrubuted as follows: phenotype B (n = 89, 25.4%), phenotype C (n = 72, 20.6%), phenotype D (n = 72, 20.6%). Phenotype A (9.17 ± 4.56) had the highest mean AMH levels in our study. Comparison of AMH levels showed a statistically significant difference between phenotypes A and D. There was a statistically significant difference on comparison of AMH between NOM, PCOM and all PCOS phenotypes. Conclusions: Phenotype A is the most serious form of PCOS and these patients has all three features which are hyperandrogenism, anovulation and ultrasound findings of polycystic ovary (PCO). AMH reflects the severity of PCOS and patients with Phenotype A have higher AMH levels.

Metabolic Syndrome Rather Than Other Phenotypes in PCOS as a Predictive Indicator for Clinical Outcomes in IVF: Comprehensive Phenotypic Assessment across All PCOS Classifications

“…In the present study, it was observed that AMH levels were significantly higher in phenotype A (9.25 ± 4.98 ng/mL) compared to other phenotypes within the RC-PCOS group, while phenotype B exhibited the lowest AMH level (6.88 ± 3.88 ng/mL), potentially indicating the presence of OA and PCOM. These findings are consistent with previous research that suggests AMH serves as a marker of PCOS severity [32,33].…”

Role of C‐type natriuretic peptide in polycystic ovary syndrome

“…Hyperandrogenism was included in all of these diagnostic criteria, except for PCOS patients with phenotype D, which is within the Rotterdam criteria and accompanied by oligo‐anovulation and polycystic ovaries 2 . In addition to hyperandrogenism, luteinizing hormone (LH) hypersecretion and increased LH/follicle‐stimulating hormone ratio have also been demonstrated in patients with PCOS 6,7 . Increased LH secretion is seen as one of the causes of hyperandrogenism in PCOS and hyperandrogenism is one of the most important factors that is involved in the pathogenesis of this syndrome 7 .…”

“…In addition to hyperandrogenism, luteinizing hormone (LH) hypersecretion and increased LH/follicle‐stimulating hormone ratio have also been demonstrated in patients with PCOS 6,7 . Increased LH secretion is seen as one of the causes of hyperandrogenism in PCOS and hyperandrogenism is one of the most important factors that is involved in the pathogenesis of this syndrome 7 . Hyperandrogenism is seen in approximately 60% of patients with PCOS and is one of the responsible factors for symptoms and findings such as anovulation, subfertility, acne, and hirsutism in these patients 4,5 .…”

“…6,7 Increased LH secretion is seen as one of the causes of hyperandrogenism in PCOS and hyperandrogenism is one of the most important factors that is involved in the pathogenesis of this syndrome. 7 Hyperandrogenism is seen in approximately 60% of patients with PCOS and is one of the responsible factors for symptoms and findings such as anovulation, subfertility, acne, and hirsutism in these patients. 4,5 Although androgens contribute to follicle maturation and development at physiologic levels, they arrest folliculogenesis in the case of hyperandrogenism, as in PCOS.…”