Comparison of Antibiotic-Resistant Pattern of Extended Spectrum Beta-Lactamase and Carbapenem-Resistant Escherichia Coli Isolates from Clinical and Non-Clinical Sources

Abstract

The increasing rate of antibiotic resistance among E. coli especially those mediated by extended spectrum beta-lactamases and carbapenem-resistant (CR) presents a major threat to public health and healthcare delivery globally. The aim of this research was to compare the antibiotic resistant pattern of extended spectrum beta-lactamase and carbapenem-resistant Escherichia coli isolates from clinical and non-clinical sources. A total of two hundred and fifteen (215) clinical and non-clinical samples were collected for the study. The collected samples were analysis using Standard Microbiological protocol for isolation and identification. Phenotypic detection of ESBL Production and carbapenem resistant was performed using Double Disk Synergy Test (DDST) and Modified Hodge Test (MHT) respectively. Antibiogram studies of ESBL producing and Carbapenem-resistant E. coli was determined using the Kirby–Bauer disk diffusion method. The result of isolation and characterization revealed higher occurrence rate of clinical isolates of E. coli 66.1 % over non-clinical sample 54.0%. Phenotypic ESBL screening of isolated E. coli revealed overall detection rate of 35(30.4 %) and 13(13.0 %) in clinical and non-clinical source respectively while overall detection rate of carbapenem resistant ESBL producers accounted 9.6 % and 8.0 % in clinical and non-clinical isolates respectively. The isolates exhibited high percentage of resistance to nitrofurantion 100 %, cefepime 100 % colistin 66.7 %, amikacin 50.0 % and also exhibit MDR with MARI value of ≥ 0.5. Comparison of antibiotic resistant pattern of carbapenem-resistant extended spectrum beta-lactamase producing E. coli isolates from clinical and non-clinical sources showed no statistical significant difference P-value < 0.05 but were 100 % susceptible to ciprofloxacin and gentamicin. The pattern of similar MDR portrayed by clinical and non-clinical isolate should not be overlooked due to its hyper-motility and virulence domination leading to possible AMR transfer to other bacterial organisms and also, appropriate measures such as pretreatment of animal excrement before being used as fertilizers and the quality of irrigation water, hospital effluent discharge need to be taken into consideration to prevent the spread of resistant determinant.
 Keywords: Escherichia coli, Extended Spectrum Beta-Lactamase, Carbapenem-Resistant, clinical, non-clinical

Carbapenem Resistance in Animal-Environment-Food from Africa: A Systematic Review, Recommendations and Perspectives

“… Salmonella spp. 45/300 (15) bla NDM-1 NA [ 121 ] NA Vegetables, borehole and well water E. coli 8/100 (8) NA NA [ 122 ] NA Freshwater from river Vibrio spp. 28/315 (8.9) NA NA [ 123 ] NA Fish and Fish Storage Water Vibrio spp.…”

Dissemination of Multidrug-Resistant, Extensively Drug Resistant and Pandrug-Resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa Isolates among In-Patients and Out-Patients in a Multi-Profile Health Care Settings

“…The isolates were further isolated on Pseudomonas Isolation Agar (PIA) (Merck Co., Germany) and incubated at 35•C for 18-24 h. After incubation, Pseudomonas aeruginosa was identified by standard microbiology techniques such as colonial morphology, Gram staining, motility, and biochemical tests as previously described [1,14]. [13,15]. Multidrug-resistant organisms (MDR) are described as acquired non-sensitivity to one or more agents in at least three groups of antimicrobials [14].…”

“…Worldwide Pseudomonas aeruginosa is one of the most common life threatening pathogens, and a main contributors to multi-drug resistance (MDR), extensive-drug resistance (XDR) and pan-drug resistant (PDR) phenotype in hospital and community settings [5][6][7][8][9][10]. MDR, XDR and PDR strain are capable of stalling the action of antimicrobial agent due to the production of enzyme such as extended-spectrum beta-lactamases (ESBL) and metallo β-lactamases (MBL), that truncate the action of beta-lactams and carbapenems [1,[11][12][13]. The dissemination of MDR, XDR and PDR through patients' movement from community to hospital or vice-versa, may facilitate the spread and convergence of such resistance phenotype among inpatients and outpatients.…”

Fecal carriage of extended spectrum beta-lactamase and fluoroquinolone resistant gene in non-typhoidal Salmonella enterica isolates from food-producing animals and humans

“…AMR to beta-lactams antibiotics mostly occurs due to the carriage of extended-spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL) resistance plasmids in NTS. ESBLs are often plasmid-mediated enzymes and have various genotypes 17,18 (Onyenwe et al, 2020;Joseph et al, 2023). Through mutational events of amino acids surrounding the active site, ESBL genes evolved from the most predominant ESBL genes such as TEM-1, TEM-2, and SHV-1 genes 17,18 .…”

“…ESBLs are often plasmid-mediated enzymes and have various genotypes 17,18 (Onyenwe et al, 2020;Joseph et al, 2023). Through mutational events of amino acids surrounding the active site, ESBL genes evolved from the most predominant ESBL genes such as TEM-1, TEM-2, and SHV-1 genes 17,18 . (Onyenwe et al, 2020;Joseph et al, 2023).…”