Comparison of antihyperglycemic effects of creatine and metformin in type II diabetic patients

Znaor

et al. 2011

Wien Med Wochenschr

This study compares the effects of glibenclamide and creatine in type II diabetics. In a 14-day symmetrically randomized crossover trial recently detected type II diabetics received either creatine (3 g) or glibenclamide (3.5 mg) for five successive days, followed by two days of washout, and crossover to the opposite treatment. Glucose, insulin, c-peptide, and creatine were measured. Creatine and glibenclamide decreased glucose concentrations vs. basal glucose [-15, 60, 90, 120, 180, and 240 min; mol/l]: 12.6±0.83 vs. 12.2±0.56 vs. 12.1±0.57, 15.3±0.63 vs. 13.5± 0.70(a ) vs. 13.0±0.57(a), 14.8±0.57 vs. 13.8±0.59(a) vs. 13.4±0.46(a), 14.6±0.61 vs. 12.3±0.49(b) vs. 12.4±0.61(a), 12.8±0.76 vs. 10.0± 0.40(c) vs. 10.3±0.41(c), and 11.4±0.67 vs. 8.3±0.40(c) vs. 8.5±0.36(c); ((a) p<0.05; (b) p<0.01; (c) p<0.001 vs. basal glucose). Treatment with both creatine and glibenclamide increased insulin and c-peptide concentrations after 120 and 240 min (p<0.05 and p<0.01). At the doses applied short-term treatment with creatine and glibenclamide elicits similar glucose lowering effects.

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 80%

“…It was recently reported that creatine is as effective as metformin (1,1-dimethylbiguanide), at the dose applied, regarding its ability to lower glucose in patients with newly detected type 2 diabetes mellitus [9].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparison of antihyperglycemic effects of creatine and glibenclamide in type II diabetic patients

Znaor

et al. 2011

Wien Med Wochenschr

“…Studies carried out in newly-diagnosed patients with the type 2 diabetes demonstrated that shortterm oral ingestion of creatine elicited a reduction of plasma glucose which was equal to the effects obtained by two common oral antihyperglycaemic agents: sulfonylurea [84] and metformin [85]. As evidenced in the recent meta-analysis [86], longer-term supplementation of creatine yielded indeterminate results regarding glycemic control, but creatine supplementation could be regarded as an adjuvant nutritional therapy with hypoglycemic effects, particularly when used in combination with exercise.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 92%

Library-assisted nonlinear blind separation and annotation of pure components from a single 1H nuclear magnetic resonance mixture spectra

Kopriva

Jerić

Hadžija

et al. 2019

Analytica Chimica Acta

Due to its capability for high-throughput screening 1 H nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy is commonly used for metabolite research. The key problem in 1 H NMR spectroscopy of multicomponent mixtures is overlapping of component signals and that is increasing with the number of components, their complexity and structural similarity. It makes metabolic profiling, that is carried out through matching acquired spectra with metabolites from the library, a hard problem. Here, we propose a method for nonlinear blind separation of highly correlated components spectra from a single 1 H NMR mixture spectra. The method transforms a single nonlinear mixture into multiple high-dimensional reproducible kernel Hilbert Spaces (mRKHSs). Therein, highly correlated components are separated by sparseness constrained nonnegative matrix factorization in each induced RKHS. Afterwards, metabolites are identified through comparison of separated components with the library comprised of 160 pure components. Thereby, a significant number of them are expected to be related with diabetes type 2. Conceptually similar methodology for nonlinear blind separation of correlated components from two or more mixtures is presented in the Supplementary material. Single-mixture blind source separation is exemplified on: (i) annotation of five components spectra separated from one 1 H NMR model mixture spectra; (ii) annotation of fifty five metabolites separated from one 1 H NMR mixture spectra of urine of subjects with and without diabetes type 2. Arguably, it is for the first time a method for blind separation of a large number of components from a single nonlinear mixture has been proposed. Moreover, the proposed method pinpoints urinary creatine, glutamic acid and 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid as the most prominent metabolites in samples from subjects with diabetes type 2, when compared to healthy controls.

“…In a significant different model, however, creatine supplementation (20 g•d −1 for 2 weeks) was shown to prevent the drop in GLUT-4 protein expression induced by leg immobilization in healthy young men (+9% in the creatine group vs. −20% in the placebo group) [9]. In an open-label, cross-over study (with a 2-day washout period) involving a small sample of T2DM patients, creatine supplementation (6 g•d −1 for 5 days) was as effective as metformin (2 × 500 mg•d −1 ), a widely used anti-diabetic drug, in lowering blood glucose concentrations [52]. The human studies assessing the effect of creatine supplementation alone on glycemic control are summarized in Table 2.…”

Section: Effects Of Creatine Supplementation Alone On Glycemic Controlmentioning

confidence: 99%

Potential of Creatine in Glucose Management and Diabetes

2021

Creatine is one of the most popular supplements worldwide, and it is frequently used by both athletic and non-athletic populations to improve power, strength, muscle mass and performance. A growing body of evidence has been identified potential therapeutic effects of creatine in a wide variety of clinical conditions, such as cancer, muscle dystrophy and neurodegenerative disorders. Evidence has suggested that creatine supplementation alone, and mainly in combination with exercise training, may improve glucose metabolism in health individuals and insulin-resistant individuals, such as in those with type 2 diabetes mellitus. Creatine itself may stimulate insulin secretion in vitro, improve muscle glycogen stores and ameliorate hyperglycemia in animals. In addition, exercise induces numerous metabolic benefits, including increases in insulin-independent muscle glucose uptake and insulin sensitivity. It has been speculated that creatine supplementation combined with exercise training could result in additional improvements in glucose metabolism when compared with each intervention separately. The possible mechanism underlying the effects of combined exercise and creatine supplementation is an enhanced glucose transport into muscle cell by type 4 glucose transporter (GLUT-4) translocation to sarcolemma. Although preliminary findings from small-scale trials involving patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus are promising, the efficacy of creatine for improving glycemic control is yet to be confirmed. In this review, we aim to explore the possible therapeutic role of creatine supplementation on glucose management and as a potential anti-diabetic intervention, summarizing the current knowledge and highlighting the research gaps.