Comparison of antimicrobial effects of titanium tetrafluoride, chlorhexidine, xylitol and sodium fluoride on streptococcus mutans: An in-vitro study

Abstract

IntroductionNo studies have yet documented the bactericidal effects of TiF4, and its role in the treatment of dental caries, and no definite protocol has been introduced to regulate its use. The aim of this study was to determine the antimicrobial/bactericidal effects of TiF4 on Streptococcus Mutans (S. Mutans) and to compare it with chlorhexidine (Chx), sodium fluoride (NaF) and xylitol.MethodsThis study was conducted at the Shiraz University of Medical Sciences microbiology laboratory during March 2015 to September 2015. In this in-vitro study, first a bacterial suspension was prepared and adjusted to a 0.5 McFarland standard (equivalent to 1×108 CFU/ml). The minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimal bactericidal concentrations (MBC) of TiF4, Chx, NaF and xylitol were assessed using broth microdilution assay and disk diffusion methods. In order to neutralize the acidic nature of TiF4, we used a sodium hydroxide preparation to obtain a pH of 7.2 and repeated all of the previous tests with the neutralized TiF4 solution. We reported the final results as percentages where appropriate.ResultsThe MIC of TiF4, NaF and Chx for S. Mutans were 12.5%, 12.5% and 6.25%, respectively. At a concentration of 12.5% the inhibition zone diameters were 9 mm, 15mm and 14mm for TiF4, NaF and Chx, respectively. The MBC was 25%, 12.5% and 12.5% for TiF4, NaF and Chx, respectively. Xylitol failed to show any bactericidal or growth inhibitory effect in all of its concentrations. When we repeated the tests with an adjusted pH, identical results were obtained.ConclusionTiF4 solutions have anti-growth and bactericidal effects on S. Mutans at a concentration of 12.5% which is comparable with chlorhexidine and NaF, indicating the possible use of this solution in dental practice as an anti-cariogenic agent, furthermore the antimicrobial activity is unaffected by pH of the environment.

Antibacterial Activities of Herbal Toothpastes Combined with Essential Oils against Streptococcus mutans

“…The antibacterial effect of xylitol have been evaluated by various studies [95,96], but the amount added to the materials may change the efficacy. According to a study, it was found that it did not show any antibacterial effect under a certain level [97]. The reason that Jack N’ Jill toothpaste did not exhibit any antibacterial activity in the present study may be due to its low xylitol content.…”

Analysis of the antimicrobial and anti-caries effects of TiF4 varnish under microcosm biofilm formed on enamel

“…We expected that this layer would interfere in the microorganism adhesion and biofilm growth and activity; but we found no antimicrobial effect of TiF 4 varnish under this model. Recently, Eskandarian, et al 9 (2017) showed antimicrobial effect of TiF 4 , however, using a model and a fluoride preparation that are far to simulate the real conditions. They applied a planktonic model (broth dilution and disk diffusion) and neutralized TiF 4 solution to achieve a pH of 7.2, which is shown to negatively impact its effect on the tooth 29 .…”

Eficácia de um dentifrício sem flúor no controle de Streptococcus mutans in vitro

“…20 Outro estudo comparou xilitol com outras substâncias antimicrobianas e não verificou nenhum efeito do álcool sobre uma cepa de S. mutans. 21 Souza et al (2015) 19 avaliaram diferentes dentifrícios contra S. mutans e Candida albicans e verificaram halo de inibição nos dentifrícios contendo tanto xilitol associado ao fluoreto quanto xilitol associado ao triclosan. Evans et al (2015) 22 testaram diversos dentifrícios infantis e componentes como xilitol e triclosan em diferentes concentrações contra S. mutans, Streptococcus sanguinis e Lactobacillus acidophilus.…”

“…[11][12][13][14] Estudos laboratoriais in vitro em geral têm comprovado a eficácia do xilitol em cepas de S. mutans, 9,[15][16][17] no entanto, outros estudos somente verificam sua ação, quando associado a fluoretos ou outros agentes anitimicrobianos. [18][19][20][21][22] Portanto, o objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar a eficácia in vitro de um dentifrício não fluoretado (marca Orgânico Natural®) na inibição da cepa de S. mutans, um dos principais agentes etiológicos no processo da cárie dentária.…”