Comparison of antimicrobial efficacy of propolis, Morinda citrifolia, Azadirachta indica, triphala, green tea polyphenols and 5.25% sodium hypochlorite against Enterococcus fecalis biofilm

Comparative Evaluation of Antimicrobial Efficacy of Neem, Miswak, Propolis, and Sodium Hypochlorite against Enterococcus faecalis using EndoVac

“…For EndoVac and needle irrigation group, the mean reduction in optical density for propolis was 0.21 ± 0.16 and 0.18 ± 0.20, and for neem 0.21 ± 0.20 and 0.16 ± 0.17 respectively. The result of this study is in accordance to studies done by Garg et al, 2 Bhardwaj et al, 19 and…”

“…The antimicrobial activity of neem was comparable to propolis and is considered to be due to its antiadherence activity by altering bacterial adhesion and their ability to colonize. 7,24 Garg et al, 2 Saxena et al, 20 and Radwan et al 25 stated similarly that neem is less efficacious than NaOCl, whereas this disagrees with the studies by Rosaline et al, 7 Hedge and Kesaria, 22 Bohora et al, 26 Ghonmode et al, 27 and Damre, 28 where they have suggested neem to be more efficacious than sodium hypochlorite. Such divergence might be elucidated by critical methodologic differences of the studies.…”

“…1 The etiology of periradicular lesions after root canal treatment is the persistence of Enterococcus faecalis (24-77% cases). 2 This bacterium may survive in the root canal as a single microbe or as a major component of the flora. Microbial load of root canal system can be decreased by mechanical preparation of the root canal and disinfection.…”

“…Use of neem as an endodontic irrigant might be advantageous because it is biocompatible, antimicrobial, antiadherent, and antioxidant. 2,7 Salvadora persica (Miswak) chewing sticks are a popular oral hygiene aid and have numerous biological properties.…”

Herbal Endodontic Irrigants

“…Ethanol extract of propolis helps in hard tissue bridge formation and bone regeneration. 5 In 2014,a study showed that propolis is as effective as sodium hypochlorite against E. faecalis biofilm, 24 suggesting that propolis can be used as intracanal medicament and irrigant. 25 A study was conducted in 2009 to check the difficulties in propolis paste removal from the root canal, but the result showed no significant difference between the calcium hydroxide paste and propolis paste removal, concluding that the physical characteristics are the same.…”