Comparison of anxiety-like behavior in adolescent and adult sprague-dawley rats.

Slawecki, Craig J.

doi:10.1037/0735-7044.119.6.1477

Cited by 61 publications

(51 citation statements)

References 39 publications

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“…These early adolescent rats were reported to either not differ from adults under low-light conditions (Slawecki, 2005) or were less anxious than adults (Doremus et al, 2004). Adolescents were more anxious than adults after brief restraint stress or when tested under bright light conditions (Slawecki, 2005). Further work is needed to determine more clearly when adolescent animals become fully adult-like in their levels of anxiety.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 98%

“…These methods are frequently used to test the effectiveness of anxiolytics in adults but are rarely used in young rats. Doremus, Varlinskaya, and Spear (2004) reported that adolescents are less anxious than adults, whereas Slawecki (2005) reported adolescents were not different than adults unless stressed. Remarkably, baseline behavior of preweaning infants has not been characterized using these paradigms.…”

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confidence: 99%

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Comparison of infant and adult rats in exploratory activity, diurnal patterns, and responses to novel and anxiety-provoking environments.

Smith¹,

Morrell²

2007

Behavioral Neuroscience

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Infant rats emerge from the maternal nest at Postnatal Day 17-18 to have their first critical environmental experiences; they may be particularly sensitive to experiences or experimental interventions that can affect their adult capacity. The authors address open questions on 2 components of normative environmental exploration, locomotor activity and response to anxiety-provoking locations, in Postnatal Day 18 infant and Postnatal Day 60 adult rats. The authors compare diurnal patterns of locomotor activity, wheel running, novel and familiar open-field activity, and 2 measures of anxiety. Infants have an equivalent capacity to adults for locomotor activity and wheel running and a fundamentally adult-like diurnal rhythm, except that they do not anticipate light-dark transitions, are more perturbable at their most somnolent, and are more or less active during specific limited phases than adults. Infants initially have a lower rate of locomotor activity in novel environments and have a greater willingness to be active in anxiety-provoking locations. Such differences may allow enhanced gathering of environmental information by the infant and are important to consider in the design of experiments using infants. Keywordsinfant; adult; exploration; activity; anxiety In humans, late childhood and adolescence is the period when drug sampling and experimentation first begins (Brown & Tapert 2004;Johnston, O'Malley, Bachman, & Schulenberg, 2005;Spear, 2000;Turner, Mermelstein, & Flay, 2004), when clinical mental health disorders requiring pharmacologic intervention, such as attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder, emerge (Andersen, 2003;Andersen, Arvanitogiannis, Pliakas, LeBlanc, & Carlezon, 2002), and when the central nervous system (CNS) is readily shaped by many stimuli, often with long-lasting consequences. Ultimately, studies using immature animals may inform us about human disorders with early life origins (e.g., hyperactivity) and may inform the beneficial use of pharmacological treatments. Further, these studies may provide insight into the effects of preadolescent sampling of drugs of abuse (Dahl & Spear, 2004).Prior to achieving sexual maturity between Postnatal Days (P) 55-60, immature rats are either infants (P1-P28) or adolescents (P28-P55; Ojeda & Urbanski, 1988;Spear, 2000). Infant rats are vigilantly kept in the protective maternal nest by their mothers until around P17-P18 (Barnett, 1958;Galef & Clark, 1972; Pereira & Morrell, 2007;Small, 1899), when they are allowed out into their larger environment. At this point, they have full motor and sensory capacity (Moorcroft, Lyttle, & Campbell, 1971). Experiences at this point readily produce longCorrespondence concerning this article should be addressed to Kiersten S. Smith, Center for Molecular and Behavioral Neuroscience, Rutgers University, 197 University Avenue, Newark, NJ 07102. E-mail: kismith@pegasus.rutgers.edu. NIH Public Access NIH-PA Author ManuscriptNIH-PA Author Manuscript NIH-PA Author Manuscript term effects; enriched environments lead...

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 98%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparison of infant and adult rats in exploratory activity, diurnal patterns, and responses to novel and anxiety-provoking environments.

Smith¹,

Morrell²

2007

Behavioral Neuroscience

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“…While less research has been conducted in mice, relatively lesser anxiety-like behavior and relatively greater exploration of novel environments has been reported in some but not all studies of adolescent mice [1,2,29,34,48]. Existing data on stress-reactivity in adolescent mice is also somewhat inconsistent, with studies showing both attenuated and exaggerated neuroendocrine, neural and behavioral responses to stress relative to adults [2,10,43,48,53], and to our knowledge little work has been conducted on depression-related behaviors.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 97%

“…Previous studies in rodents have shown that adolescents exhibit differences from adult rodents on measures of fear-, anxiety-and depression-related behaviors and reactivity to stress (for recent reviews, see [3,43]). For example, adolescent rats have been found to exhibit either lesser, greater or normal levels of anxiety-like behavior in various behavioral assays as compared to adults [9,13,15,18,25,41,43,51].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…For example, adolescent rats have been found to exhibit either lesser, greater or normal levels of anxiety-like behavior in various behavioral assays as compared to adults [9,13,15,18,25,41,43,51]. In addition, a number of studies have shown that conditioned fear responses to footshock in rats emerges in the early adolescent period (reviewed in [6,23,24,47]).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Ontogeny of fear-, anxiety- and depression-related behavior across adolescence in C57BL/6J mice

Hefner¹,

Holmes²

2007

Behavioural Brain Research

168

123

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Adolescence is characterized by behavioral traits such as emotional lability and impulsivity that are associated with increased vulnerability to affective illness and addictions. Research in rodents has found that adolescent rats and mice differ from adults on measures of anxiety-like behavior, noveltyseeking and stress-responsivity. The present study sought to extend these data by evaluating fear-, anxiety-and depression-related behaviors in male C57BL/6J mice aged four (early adolescent), six (peri-adolescent) or eight (early adult) weeks of age. Age-groups were compared on: Pavlovian fear conditioning and extinction, anxiety-like behavior and exploratory locomotion (using elevated plusmaze and novel open field), and depression-related behavior (via forced swim test). Results showed that early adolescent mice exhibited enhanced fear conditioning, but extinguished at a similar rate as adults. There were no major differences in anxiety-like behavior across age-groups, although early adolescent and peri-adolescent mice exhibited less exploratory locomotion than adults. Depressionrelated immobility behavior in the forced swim test was lower in early adolescents than adult mice across three test exposures. Present findings in the C57BL/6J inbred strain add to growing evidence of changes in rodent fear-and stress-related behaviors across the developmental transition from juvenility through adulthood. Understanding the neural basis of these ontogenic changes could provide insight into factors could provide insight into the pathogenesis and treatment of affective disorders that have their origins in adolescence.

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Animal Models of Developmental Psychopathology

Howell

Neigh

Sánchez

2016

Developmental Psychopathology

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In the last decade much progress has been made in research using animal models of developmental psychopathology. The field has moved from the demonstration of long‐term impacts of early adversity on behavioral and physiological development and the role of genetic risks for vulnerability, to including transgenerational transmission of stress‐induced phenotypes through epigenetic modifications. Additional and critical paradigm shifts have also taken place, including increased focus on ecologically and ethologically valid animal models, research on resilience, the adolescent transition as a period of brain and behavioral reorganization, and sex differences. In this chapter we review recent literature using rodent and nonhuman primate animal models that examines the biological mechanisms through which the early environment programs neurobehavioral, cognitive, and physiological development. We discuss the evolutionary role of this plasticity on behavioral development, as it has an adaptive value in changing environments. Because of maternal care's critical role in early environment, we focus on models that study the effects of mother–infant relationship disruption and dissect the mechanisms by which maternal care regulates the development of brain circuits that control emotional and social behaviors of relevance for developmental psychopathology. Finally, we discuss developmental sensitive/critical periods as windows of opportunity for plastic adaptation of developing organisms to the environment that, if taken too far—as in the case of early traumatic experiences such as childhood maltreatment—lead to maladaptive developmental trajectories (psychopathology, pathophysiology). Animal models of early life adversity are paramount to understand the basic mechanisms and principles that translate early experience into developmental outcomes in our own species.

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Comparison of anxiety-like behavior in adolescent and adult sprague-dawley rats.

Cited by 61 publications

References 39 publications

Comparison of infant and adult rats in exploratory activity, diurnal patterns, and responses to novel and anxiety-provoking environments.

Comparison of infant and adult rats in exploratory activity, diurnal patterns, and responses to novel and anxiety-provoking environments.

Ontogeny of fear-, anxiety- and depression-related behavior across adolescence in C57BL/6J mice

Animal Models of Developmental Psychopathology

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