Abstract:Antibiotics are resistant to biodegradation, and their removal by biological processes is difficult. The purpose of this study was to investigate the removal of azithromycin from water using ultraviolet radiation (UV), Fe (VI) oxidation process and ZnO nanoparticles. The effect of different parameters such as pH, temperature, hydraulic retention time (HRT), the concentration of Fe (VI) and ZnO nanoparticles and UV intensity on the removal of azithromycin from water was investigated. The optimal conditions for … Show more
“…The CQ is also used to treat some autoimmune, vascular, dermatological, and extra-intestinal amebiasis diseases ( Romanelli et al, 2004 ). Figure 1 Molecular structure of (a) chloroquine ( Pereira, 2020 ), (b) hydroxychloroquine ( Pereira, 2020 ), (c) azithromycin ( Talaiekhozani et al, 2020 ) and (d) ivermectin ( Laing et al, 2017 ). …”
Section: Use Of Drug In the Early Treatment Of Covid-19mentioning
confidence: 99%
“… Molecular structure of (a) chloroquine ( Pereira, 2020 ), (b) hydroxychloroquine ( Pereira, 2020 ), (c) azithromycin ( Talaiekhozani et al, 2020 ) and (d) ivermectin ( Laing et al, 2017 ). …”
Section: Use Of Drug In the Early Treatment Of Covid-19mentioning
confidence: 99%
“…It is known that conventional water and effluent treatment systems are ineffective in the degradation of these molecules ( Heberer, 2002 ; Čizmić et al, 2019 ; Talaiekhozani et al, 2020 ). Therefore, research is being developed to maximize the efficiency of drug removal and other chemical compounds that are difficult to remove and, with ecotoxicological potential, the effluents for later disposal.…”
“…The CQ is also used to treat some autoimmune, vascular, dermatological, and extra-intestinal amebiasis diseases ( Romanelli et al, 2004 ). Figure 1 Molecular structure of (a) chloroquine ( Pereira, 2020 ), (b) hydroxychloroquine ( Pereira, 2020 ), (c) azithromycin ( Talaiekhozani et al, 2020 ) and (d) ivermectin ( Laing et al, 2017 ). …”
Section: Use Of Drug In the Early Treatment Of Covid-19mentioning
confidence: 99%
“… Molecular structure of (a) chloroquine ( Pereira, 2020 ), (b) hydroxychloroquine ( Pereira, 2020 ), (c) azithromycin ( Talaiekhozani et al, 2020 ) and (d) ivermectin ( Laing et al, 2017 ). …”
Section: Use Of Drug In the Early Treatment Of Covid-19mentioning
confidence: 99%
“…It is known that conventional water and effluent treatment systems are ineffective in the degradation of these molecules ( Heberer, 2002 ; Čizmić et al, 2019 ; Talaiekhozani et al, 2020 ). Therefore, research is being developed to maximize the efficiency of drug removal and other chemical compounds that are difficult to remove and, with ecotoxicological potential, the effluents for later disposal.…”
“…Efficient wastewater treatment is vital for both industries and municipalities. There are several kinds of pollutants in wastewater, including pharmaceuticals [1]. Several studies have shown that the accumulation of pharmaceutical ingredients in water bodies may have a negative effect on the health of humans and other organisms [2].…”
Antibiotics are frequently applied to treat bacterial infections in humans and animals. However, most consumed antibiotics are excreted into wastewater as metabolites or in their original form. Therefore, removal of antibiotics from aquatic environments is of high research interest. In this study, we investigated the removal of sulfamethoxazole (SMX) and ofloxacin (OFX) with Chaetoceros muelleri, a marine diatom. The optimization process was conducted using response surface methodology (RSM) with two independent parameters, i.e., the initial concentration of antibiotics and contact time. The optimum removal of SMX and OFX were 39.8% (0.19 mg L−1) and 42.5% (0.21 mg L−1) at the initial concentration (0.5 mg L−1) and contact time (6.3 days). Apart from that, the toxicity effect of antibiotics on the diatom was monitored in different SMX and OFX concentrations (0 to 50 mg L−1). The protein (mg L−1) and carotenoid (μg L−1) content increased when the antibiotic concentration increased up to 20 mg L−1, while cell viability was not significantly affected up to 20 mg L−1 of antibiotic concentration. Protein content, carotenoid, and cell viability decreased during high antibiotic concentrations (more than 20 to 30 mg L−1). This study revealed that the use of Chaetoceros muelleri is an appealing solution to remove certain antibiotics from wastewater.
“…AZM is an antibiotic which is widely used in the treatment of bacterial infections such as streptococcal pharyngitis, pneumonia, diarrhea and intestinal in ammation (Talaiekhozani et al, 2020). It can also create an enhanced spectrum and potency against bacteria compared with other macrolides and superior stability in acidic media (Zeng et al, 2014).…”
The aim of this study to development and validate an analytical method to determine the Azithromycin (AZN) residue in water approach to monitor the contamination level of river and fish farm water of Bangladesh. Azithromycin (AZN) was analyzed using liquid chromatography mass spectrometry (LC-ESI MS/MS). The chromatographic separations of analyte were performed using ZORBAX RRHD Eclipse Plus C18 (2.1×100 mm, particle size 1.8 µm) column and mobile phase was 0.1% formic acid in water and acetonitrile with 50:50. The analyte were detected in positive electron spray ionization mode with multiple reaction monitoring mode (MRM) with mass transition from 749.5 m/z to 591 m/z and 158 m/z as quantifier and qualifier ion respectively. Liquid-liquid extraction method was used for the extraction of AZN residues. The developed method was validated in terms of accuracy, precision, linearity and specificity. The analyte showed a good linear in the range of 0.1-100 µg/L. Three spiking levels (0.25, 0.5 and 1.25 µg/L) was performed for determining accuracy and precision. Recoveries and RSD were in the range of 96.6-101.5% and 3.5-6.3 respectively. The estimated limit of detection and limit of quantification was 0.017 and 0.05 µg/L respectively. Using the developed method, we analyzed 5 different rivers and 5 different fish farm samples. We found no azithromycin residue in rivers water, but we found in one fish farm water azithromycin residue 0.35±0.06 µg/L. The results indicate that we should be concern to use antibiotics in fish farm water in different ways.
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