Comparison of Biochar Formation from Various Agricultural By-Products Using FTIR Spectroscopy

Liu, Yongliang; He, Zhongqi; Uchimiya, Minori

doi:10.5539/mas.v9n4p246

Cited by 144 publications

(71 citation statements)

References 13 publications

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“…The intense band occurring at 1130 cm -1 was characteristic of C-O-C stretching of ester groups in cellulose and hemicelluloses (Jeba Jeevitha et al 2015). All of these bands are typical for the FTIR of biochars (Claoston et al 2014;Ghani et al 2013;Liu et al 2015;Kardam et al 2012;Zhao et al 2017).…”

Section: Surface Functional Groups and Cecmentioning

confidence: 97%

Biochar physicochemical properties: pyrolysis temperature and feedstock kind effects

Tomczyk

Sokołowska

Boguta

2020

Rev Environ Sci Biotechnol

1,588

538

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Biochar is a pyrogenous, organic material synthesized through pyrolysis of different biomass (plant or animal waste). The potential biochar applications include: (1) pollution remediation due to high CEC and specific surface area; (2) soil fertility improvement on the way of liming effect, enrichment in volatile matter and increase of pore volume, (3) carbon sequestration due to carbon and ash content, etc. Biochar properties are affected by several technological parameters, mainly pyrolysis temperature and feedstock kind, which differentiation can lead to products with a wide range of values of pH, specific surface area, pore volume, CEC, volatile matter, ash and carbon content. High pyrolysis temperature promotes the production of biochar with a strongly developed specific surface area, high porosity, pH as well as content of ash and carbon, but with low values of CEC and content of volatile matter. This is most likely due to significant degree of organic matter decomposition. Biochars produced from animal litter and solid waste feedstocks exhibit lower surface areas, carbon content, volatile matter and high CEC compared to biochars produced from crop residue and wood biomass, even at higher pyrolysis temperatures. The reason for this difference is considerable variation in lignin and cellulose content as well as in moisture content of biomass. The physicochemical properties of biochar determine application of this biomaterial as an additive to improve soil quality. This review succinctly presents the impact of pyrolysis temperature and the type of biomass on the physicochemical characteristics of biochar and its impact on soil fertility.

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Section: Surface Functional Groups and Cecmentioning

confidence: 97%

Biochar physicochemical properties: pyrolysis temperature and feedstock kind effects

Tomczyk

Sokołowska

Boguta

2020

Rev Environ Sci Biotechnol

1,588

538

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“…6) of the BC is unusual for a high temperature biochar. Most high temperature biochars have little functionality and thus their spectrum contains few intense peaks (Liu et al, 2015). However this biochar has a spectrum very similar to that of an activated carbon that has been treated by ester hydrolysis in an alkaline environment to produce hydrophilic surfaces that bind water by hydrogen bonding (Yao et al, 2014).…”

Section: Analysis Of Surface Functional Groups Using Xps Ftir Raman mentioning

confidence: 99%

Microstructural and associated chemical changes during the composting of a high temperature biochar: Mechanisms for nitrate, phosphate and other nutrient retention and release

Long

Kammann

Shepherd

et al. 2018

Science of The Total Environment

207

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Recent studies have demonstrated the importance of the nutrient status of biochar and soils prior to its inclusion in particular agricultural systems. Pre-treatment of nutrient-reactive biochar, where nutrients are loaded into pores and onto surfaces, gives improved yield outcomes compared to untreated biochar. In this study we have used a wide selection of spectroscopic and microscopic techniques to investigate the mechanisms of nutrient retention in a high temperature wood biochar, which had negative effects on Chenopodium quinoa above ground biomass yield when applied to the system without prior nutrient loading, but positive effects when applied after composting. We have compared non-composted biochar (BC) with composted biochar (BCC) to elucidate the differences which may have led to these results. The results of our investigation provide evidence for a complex series of reactions during composting, where dissolved nutrients are first taken up into biochar pores along a concentration gradient and through capillary action, followed by surface sorption and retention processes which block biochar pores and result in deposition of a nutrient-rich organomineral (plaque) layer. The lack of such pretreatment in the BC samples would render it reactive towards nutrients in a soil-fertilizer system, making it a competitor for, rather than provider of, nutrients for plant growth.

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“…During pyrolysis, the electron cloud arrangement in the carbon skeleton varies as a function of the quantity of thermally modified carbon layers [8], resulting in significant differences in biochar properties. Biochar structure contains mostly amorphous and some crystalline parts (conjugated aromatic compounds) [9]; the latter increase with the highest treatment temperature (HTT) [10]. The biochar matrix also includes aromatic-aliphatic groups, residual volatiles, and inorganic ashes [11] with varying morphologies of voids, cracks, and pores (at micro-, meso-, and macro-scales) [12].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Variation in Feedstock Wood Chemistry Strongly Influences Biochar Liming Potential

2019

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Chars intended for use as soil amendment (“biochars”) vary greatly in their chemical and physical properties. In the present study, 19 Canadian temperate wood feedstocks were charred across a range of pyrolysis temperatures from 300–700 °C. The resulting 95 biochars were tested for their physio-chemical properties and liming capacity. Data indicated increasing base cation concentrations including Ca, Mg, and K (elements that characteristically form liming compounds, i.e., carbonates) as pyrolysis temperature increased. Acidic surface functional groups were analyzed with modified Boehm titration: Carboxylic and lactonic functional group concentrations decreased and phenolic group concentration increased with pyrolysis temperature. Functional group composition also varied greatly with feedstock: In particular, conifer-derived biochars produced at pyrolysis temperatures <500 °C showed much higher carboxylic and lactonic functional group concentrations than did angiosperm-derived biochars. Liming capacity was assessed using soil incubation experiments and was positively related to biochar pH. Both acidic surface functional group concentration and nutrient element concentration influenced biochar pH: we developed a non-linear functional relationship that predicts biochar pH from the ratio of carboxylic to phenolic moieties, and concentrations of Ca and K. Biochar’s liming components that are inherited from feedstock and predictably modified by pyrolysis temperature provide a basis for optimizing the production of biochar with desired pH and liming characteristics.

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Comparison of Biochar Formation from Various Agricultural By-Products Using FTIR Spectroscopy

Cited by 144 publications

References 13 publications

Biochar physicochemical properties: pyrolysis temperature and feedstock kind effects

Biochar physicochemical properties: pyrolysis temperature and feedstock kind effects

Microstructural and associated chemical changes during the composting of a high temperature biochar: Mechanisms for nitrate, phosphate and other nutrient retention and release

Variation in Feedstock Wood Chemistry Strongly Influences Biochar Liming Potential

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