Comparison of Biodegradation Performance of Marine Sponge Symbiont Bacteria Consortium Against Anthracene and Pyrene

Abstract

Every petroleum processing industry produces sewage sludge containing several types of poly-cyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAHs) components. The degradation of PAH components by physical, biological and chemical methods is not efficient. The use of marine sponge symbiont bacteria is considered an alternative method in the degradation and reduction of PAHs com-pared to the previous method. This study aims to explore the potential and performance of a consortium of sponge symbiont bacteria in degrading anthracene and pyrene. There are three types of bacteria (Bacillus pumilus strain GLB197, Pseudomonas stutzeri strain SLG510A3-8, Acineto-bacter calcoaceticus strain SLCDA 976) were mixed to form a consortium. The interaction between the bacterial consortium suspension and PAH components was measured at 5-day intervals for 25 days. The biodegradation performance of bacteria on PAHs samples was determined based on five biodegradation parameters. The analysis results showed a decrease in the concentration of anthracene (21.89%) and pyrene (7.71%), equivalent to a ratio of 3: 1. The data was followed by a decrease in the abundance of anthracene (60.30%) and pyrene (27.52%), an equivalent ratio of 2: 1. The level of degradation of the pyrene component is lower than that of the anthracene compo-nent, presumably due to the higher toxicity of pyrene and the more stable molecular structure, making it difficult for bacterial cells to destroy it. The biodegradation products are organic compounds of alcohol, aldehyde, carboxylic acids and a small proportion of aromatic hydrocarbon components. Keywords: performance; biodegradation; bacterial consortium; marine sponge; PAHs

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“…An interesting study of Marzuki et al (2021) focused on the role of sponges in the biomonitoring of heavy metals such as chromium, cadmium, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), and naphthalene. The authors conducted experiments, which allowed them to evaluate the biodegradation power of these pollutants by the symbiotic bacteria in the sponges.…”

“…Gupta and Kiran (2017) isolated a lipopeptide from the marine sponge F. cavernosa (MMD32 strain), which was able to degrade PAHs, forming a micellar system that solubilizes the hydrophobic substrate and reduces surface tension. Phenanthrene and pyrene at a concentration of 100 mg/L were degraded in 7 days, and in 5 days the pyrene was reduced to a concentration of 8.425 mg. Marzuki et al (2021) explored the ability of marine sponges Niphate sp., Hyrtios erectus, and Clathria to resist the presence of PAHs. These authors demonstrated that B. pumilus, P. stutzeri, and Acinetobacter calcoaceticus associated to all sponges examined degraded anthracene and pyrene.…”