Comparison of Biofilm Formation between Major Clonal Lineages of Methicillin Resistant Staphylococcus aureus

Vanhommerig, Evelyn; Moons, Pieter; Pirici, Daniel; Lammens, Christine; Hernálsteens, Jean-Pierre; Greve, Henri De; Kumar‐Singh, Samir; Goossens, Herman; Malhotra-Kumar, Surbhi

doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0104561

Cited by 49 publications

(45 citation statements)

References 23 publications

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“…All of the MRSA strains that harbored SCCmec types other than type III (i.e., types I, IV, and V) were capable of biofilm formation. These results are in accordance with those obtained by Vanhommerig et al in 2014 and Cirkovic et al in 2015 (24, 25). …”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 94%

Staphylococcal Cassette Chromosome mec Types Among Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus in Northern Iran

Taherirad

Jahanbakhsh

Shakeri

et al. 2016

Jundishapur J Microbiol

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BackgroundMethicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) is a common cause of nosocomial and community-acquired infections around the world. Staphylococcal cassette chromosome mec (SCCmec) typing methods are often used to study MRSA molecular epidemiology.ObjectivesThe current study was designed to explore the distribution profiles of different SCCmec types among methicillin-resistant S. aureus strains isolated from hospitals in Gorgan, in northern Iran, and to correlate the types into observed bacterial virulence factors.Materials and MethodsStaphylococcal cassette chromosome mec typing of 62 MRSA strains isolated from patients and health-care workers in Gorgan was performed using multiplex polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assay. The prevalence of the strains was then compared according to isolation source, antibiotic susceptibility profiles, biofilm production, and the presence of the Panton-Valentine gene in isolates.ResultsThe most common SCCmec type was type III, with a frequency rate of 76%, followed by types IV, I, and V, with frequency rates of 11.2%, 4.8%, and 3.2%, respectively; three isolates (4.8%) were not typeable by this method. SCCmec type I was only isolated from blood culture, and types IV and V were mainly isolated from wounds and urine samples; SCCmec type III was isolated from all of the clinically samples. All of the MRSA strains that were isolated from healthy carriers were type III. Multidrug resistance in the type III strains was higher compared to the other types. The frequencies of Panton-Valentine and biofilm production were significantly lower in the type III strains compared to the other SCCmec types (P < 0.05).ConclusionsSimilarly to other geographical regions of Iran, the SCCmec type III MRSA strain was the most frequently isolated strain from patients in Gorgan. Staphylococcal cassette chromosome mec type III showed fewer virulence factors compared to other SCCmec types.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 94%

Staphylococcal Cassette Chromosome mec Types Among Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus in Northern Iran

Taherirad

Jahanbakhsh

Shakeri

et al. 2016

Jundishapur J Microbiol

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“…The comparison between biofilm formation under static and dynamic conditions is even more complicated. In clinical isolates, only 19% of the isolates behaved similarly under both static and dynamic conditions (Vanhommerig et al, 2014), which is similar to our results (Table 5). Factors including incubation time, growth surface, and nutrients are thought to influence biofilm formation in staphylococci measured by static or dynamic model assays (Stepanović et al, 2001;Vanhommerig et al, 2014;Van Kerckhoven et al, 2016).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

“…In clinical isolates, only 19% of the isolates behaved similarly under both static and dynamic conditions (Vanhommerig et al, 2014), which is similar to our results (Table 5). Factors including incubation time, growth surface, and nutrients are thought to influence biofilm formation in staphylococci measured by static or dynamic model assays (Stepanović et al, 2001;Vanhommerig et al, 2014;Van Kerckhoven et al, 2016). Furthermore, we have recently shown similar results on biofilm formation of E. coli dairy isolates, noting a lack of correlation between static and dynamic conditions (Marti et al, 2017).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

Biofilm formation of Staphylococcus aureus dairy isolates representing different genotypes

Thiran

Ciccio

Graber

et al. 2018

Journal of Dairy Science

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The objective of this study was to compare the biofilm-forming capabilities of different genotypes of Staphylococcus aureus dairy isolates from Switzerland and northern Italy, including Staph. aureus genotype B (GTB) and methicillin-resistant Staph.aureus (MRSA). We hypothesized that biofilm formation might be more pronounced in the contagious GTB isolates compared with other genotypes affecting individual animals. Twenty-four dairy isolates, including 9 MRSA, were further characterized by genotyping by using ribosomal spacer PCR, spa typing, biofilm formation under static and dynamic conditions, and scanning electron microscopy. The GTB isolates (n = 6) were more able to form biofilms than other genotypes at 37°C and at 20°C after 48 and 72 h of incubation in the static assay using polystyrene microtiter plates. This result was supported by scanning electron micrographs showing a GTB isolate producing strong biofilm with extracellular matrix in contrast to a genotype C isolate. Furthermore, none of the MRSA isolates formed strong biofilms in the static assay. However, some MRSA produced low or moderate amounts of biofilm depending on the applied conditions. Under dynamic conditions, a much more diverse situation was observed. The ability of GTB isolates to be strong biofilm formers was not observed in all cases, emphasizing the importance of growth conditions for the expression of biofilm-related genes. No specific genotype, spa type, or MRSA isolate could be categorized significantly into one level of biofilm formation. Nineteen percent of isolates behaved similarly under static and dynamic conditions. The results of this study expand our knowledge of different dairy-related Staph. aureus subtypes and indicate the benefit of genotyping when biofilms are studied.

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“…To study adhesion (6 h) and biofilm formation (24 h) under static conditions, the crystal violet method was used (10) with some modifications. Briefly, inoculum was prepared by adjusting exponential cultures grown in Luria-Bertani (LB) broth to a 0.5 McFarland standard, and this was followed by a 1:10 dilution in LB broth.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Colistin-Resistant Acinetobacter baumannii Clinical Strains with Deficient Biofilm Formation

Dafopoulou

Xavier

Hotterbeekx

et al. 2016

Antimicrob Agents Chemother

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In two pairs of clinical colistin-susceptible/colistin-resistant (Cst s /Cst r ) Acinetobacter baumannii strains, the Cst r strains showed significantly decreased biofilm formation in static and dynamic assays (P < 0.001) and lower relative fitness (P < 0.05) compared with those of the Cst s counterparts. The whole-genome sequencing comparison of strain pairs identified a mutation converting a stop codon to lysine (*241K) in LpsB (involved in lipopolysaccharide [LPS] synthesis) in one Cst r strain and a frameshift mutation in CarO and the loss of a 47,969-bp element containing multiple genes associated with biofilm production in the other. Colistin-resistant (Cst r ) Acinetobacter baumannii clinical isolates are increasingly recovered worldwide (1), which is causing major clinical concerns. Thus far, two primary colistin resistance mechanisms have been described in A. baumannii, (i) modification of the lipid A moiety of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) mediated by mutations and/or overexpression in the two-component regulatory system pmrAB and (ii) loss of LPS caused by either mutations or insertional inactivation of lipid A biosynthesis genes (2).The development of colistin resistance in clinical and laboratory-derived Cst r A. baumannii due to changes in the PmrAB system has been correlated with impaired fitness and virulence (3, 4) and lower infectivity (5, 6). Also, reduced biofilm formation has been observed in laboratory-generated Cst r A. baumannii (7,8). We previously reported the characteristics of two pairs of colistin-susceptible (Cst s )/Cst r A. baumannii clinical strains (Ab248/ Ab249 and Ab299/Ab347; colistin MICs of 0.5/128 and 0.5/32 g/ml, respectively) sequentially obtained from two patients after prolonged colistin exposure (6). Briefly, compared to Cst s strains, Cst r strains harbored a single pmrB mutation (P233S for Ab249 and P170L for Ab347) and had significantly slower growth. Strains within each pair had identical pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) profiles, and all were assigned to the international clone 2. Important differences in the antibiotic resistance phenotypes other than colistin were not observed (6). One Cst r strain underexpressed the CsuA/B and CsuC proteins, which are involved in biofilm formation (6). In the present follow-up study, we compared these strain pairs in terms of fitness, biofilm-forming ability, and whole-genome sequencing (WGS) focusing specifically on genes involved in virulence and biofilm formation.In vitro competition assays were performed in triplicate at 5 h and 20 h (4), and relative fitness was calculated as previously described (9). To study adhesion (6 h) and biofilm formation (24 h) under static conditions, the crystal violet method was used (10) with some modifications. Briefly, inoculum was prepared by adjusting exponential cultures grown in Luria-Bertani (LB) broth to a 0.5 McFarland standard, and this was followed by a 1:10 dilution in LB broth. Then, 200-l aliquots (approximately 2 ϫ 10 6 CFU) were loaded into a 96-well polystyrene microplate (...

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Comparison of Biofilm Formation between Major Clonal Lineages of Methicillin Resistant Staphylococcus aureus

Cited by 49 publications

References 23 publications

Staphylococcal Cassette Chromosome mec Types Among Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus in Northern Iran

Staphylococcal Cassette Chromosome mec Types Among Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus in Northern Iran

Biofilm formation of Staphylococcus aureus dairy isolates representing different genotypes

Colistin-Resistant Acinetobacter baumannii Clinical Strains with Deficient Biofilm Formation

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